Total antioxidant capacity of the diet of pregnant women in the Community of Madrid

• Published in: Nutrición hospitalaria : organo oficial de la Sociedad Española de Nutrición Parenteral y Enteral Vol. 38; no. 2; pp. 366 - 373
• Main Authors: Salinas Osornio, Rocío Angélica, Aguilar-Vilas, María Victorina, Becerra-Fernández, Antonio, González López, Laura, Torres-Mendoza, Blanca Miriam
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: Spanish; English
• Published: Spain 19.04.2021
• Subjects: Adult; Antioxidants - administration & dosage; Body Mass Index; Case-Control Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dietary Fats - administration & dosage; Dietary Proteins - administration & dosage; Eating; Energy Intake; Female; Fruit - chemistry; Humans; Micronutrients - administration & dosage; Nutrients - administration & dosage; Nutritional Status; Obesity - epidemiology; Overweight - epidemiology; Oxidative Stress; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications - epidemiology; Pregnant Women; Spain; Vegetables - chemistry; Spain; Embarazo. Capacidad antioxidante. Índice de masa corporal. Dieta. Estrés oxidativo
• ISSN: 0212-1611; 1699-5198
• DOI: 10.20960/nh.03384

Introduction and objective: pregnancy is a stage of life with high nutritional vulnerability and increased levels of maternal oxidative stress. Total antioxidant capacity (CAT) identifies the protective effect of a balanced diet rich in foods of plant origin with antioxidant activity. The aim of this study was to relate CAT with dietary intake and body mass index (BMI) in pregnant women in the Community of Madrid. Methods: a cross-sectional, comparative study was conducted in 89 pregnant women and 61 healthy women of reproductive age. Age, place of origin, weight, height, BMI, macronutrient and micronutrient intake, and dietary CAT by food frequency were recorded; CAT was classified as desirable (≥ 19,301.0 µm/g) or undesirable (< 19,301.0 µm/g); the statistical analysis, including χ², Student's t-test or Mann Whitney U-test, was made using the SPSS program v.23. Results: differences were found in caloric profile, intake of antioxidant micronutrients, and dietary CAT (p < 0.05). Mean CAT in pregnant women was 23,163.0 ± 10,829.0 µm/g, whereas in non-pregnant women it was 25,916.0 ± 9,703.0 µm/g (p = 0.035). Pregnant women with a desirable CAT (56.2 %) preferred to consume fruits and vegetables, and 65.6 % of non-pregnant women preferred bread, pasta and cereals (p = 0.02). Hand fruit, citrus fruits, green leafy vegetables, and tomato were preferentially consumed by both groups. In pregnant women, poor nutritional status, overweight, and obesity rates of 36.0 % were found versus 28.0 % in non-pregnant women (p < 0.001). Conclusion: the BMI of pregnant women is not related to dietary CAT or the relatively low consumption of antioxidant components.