Mixing and migration of overwintering Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) stocks near the mouth of the Gulf of St. Lawrence

Millions of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) migrate distances of up to 500 km each fall to aggregate together in a small overwintering area off eastern Canada. Synoptic research vessel surveys carried out each January between 1994 and 1997 documented dense aggregations of cod along both flanks of the La...

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Published inCanadian journal of fisheries and aquatic sciences Vol. 56; no. 10; pp. 1873 - 1881
Main Authors Campana, SE, Chouinard, G A, Hanson, J M, Frechet, A
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published 01.01.1999
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Summary:Millions of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) migrate distances of up to 500 km each fall to aggregate together in a small overwintering area off eastern Canada. Synoptic research vessel surveys carried out each January between 1994 and 1997 documented dense aggregations of cod along both flanks of the Laurentian Channel in each year, with estimated biomasses exceeding 100,000 metric tons. Using the trace element composition of the otolith ("otolith elemental fingerprint") as a natural tag, we found members of four populations to be present on the overwintering grounds in significant numbers, yet large-scale mixing among the populations was minimal. Individual trawl samples were often composed of a single population, suggesting that population integrity was maintained at a scale of <20 km. Cod from the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence dominated the population composition along the southern flank of the Channel, while cod from the northern Gulf dominated the northern flank; the distributions of both of these populations extended well to the east of their summer habitats and were remarkably similar across years. There was no evidence of large-scale mixing across the Channel. In light of the substantive migration of northern Gulf cod into the management area for the southern Newfoundland population, fishing effort off southern Newfoundland has the potential to reduce the size of the northern Gulf population.Original Abstract: Chaque automne, des millions de morues (Gadus morhua) parcourent des distances pouvant atteindre 500 km pour se regrouper dans une petite aire d'hivernage situee au large de l'est du Canada. Des releves synoptiques effectues par des navires de recherche oceanographique au mois de janvier de chaque annee, entre 1994 et 1997, ont documente des agregats denses de morue sur chacun des flancs du chenal Laurentien, les biomasses etant estimees a plus de 100 000 tonnes metriques. A l'aide de la composition en oligo-elements de l'otolithe (\s?\ empreinte elementaire de l'otolithe \s?\) comme marque naturelle, nous avons observe la presence d'un certain nombre d'individus de quatre populations dans l'aire d'hivernage, bien qu'il y ait peu de melange a grande echelle entre les populations. Les echantillons preleves par les chaluts etaient souvent composes d'individus d'une seule population, ce qui indique que l'integrite de la population serait maintenue a une echelle <20 km. La morue du sud du golfe du Saint-Laurent dominait la composition de la population sur le flanc meridional du Chenal, tandis que la morue du nord du Golfe dominait sur le flanc nord; les distributions de ces deux populations s'etendaient nettement a l'est de leurs habitats d'ete, et elles etaient remarquablement similaires d'une annee a l'autre. On n'a releve aucune indication de melange a grande echelle dans le Chenal. Compte tenu de la migration importante de la morue du nord du Golfe dans la zone de gestion visant la population du sud de Terre-Neuve, il est possible que l'effort de peche mene au large de la partie sud de Terre-Neuve reduise la taille de la population de la partie nord du Golfe.
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ISSN:0706-652X
1205-7533
DOI:10.1139/cjfas-56-10-1873