Immune reactions as induction factors and correction of the pathology

• Published in: Medicinskij sovet no. 6; pp. 166 - 174
• Main Authors: Zemskov, V. M., Zemskov, A. M., Neymann, V., Barsukov, A. A., Kozlova, M. N., Zemskova, V. A., Shishkina, N. S., Demidova, V. S., Alekseev, A. A.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English; Russian
• Published: Remedium Group LLC 25.04.2022
• Subjects: allergy; immune deficiency; immunopathology; infectious and somatic diseases; oncology
• ISSN: 2079-701X; 2658-5790
• DOI: 10.21518/2079-701X-2022-16-6-166-174

On clinical models of infectious, somatic, malignant, and other diseases, the ability of immune responses to induce pathological processes due to competition, “pathogenicity”, hypersensitivity, and insufficiency has been shown. We are talking about the competitiveness of antibacterial and antiviral immunity, when the deployment of cellular and humoral immune responses weaken both defense mechanisms, competition of allergy and immune deficiency, which aggravates and modifies it, and antiviral immunity often induces a number of pathological conditions of the body. This is due to the inability of antiviral antibodies to completely inactivate the antireceptor structures of virions, interact with them without changing their function, and even stimulate a viral infection, induce autoimmune reactions. The protective system of interferons, which often cause side reactions, is also faulty. In  the  body, immunopathological reactions develop, manifested by immediate and delayed hypersensitivity, which have alternative properties – protective and damaging and autoimmune reactions, mainly with a negative effect. The mechanisms of the processes are discussed in detail in the review. The “inferiority” of immune reactions, respectively, cellular, humoral, phagocytic links, incomplete consistency of anticancer immunity, virus-induced immunodeficiencies are comprehensively covered. Such “alternativeness” of the considered immune reactions, at the same time, turns out to be a necessary condition for eliminating the emerging disorders of the organism’s reactivity. These include specificity and non-specificity, stimulation and suppression, variability and integration of immune responses. At the same time, immunoregulatory reactions are individual and interrelated, develop regionally and systemically and provide degradation of exogenous and endogenous objects and immune activation. All these aspects are discussed in detail in the review.