Insights of immune cell heterogeneity, tumor-initiated subtype transformation, drug resistance, treatment and detecting technologies in glioma microenvironment

• Published in: Journal of advanced research
• Main Authors: Chen, Tongzheng, Ma, Wenbin, Wang, Xin, Ye, Qile, Hou, Xintong, Wang, Yiwei, Jiang, Chuanlu, Meng, Xiangqi, Sun, Ying, Cai, Jinquan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier B.V 05.08.2024
• Subjects: Chemotherapy resistance; Detecting technologies; Glioma microenvironment; Immune cell heterogeneity; Tumor-initiated subtype transformation; Detecting technologies; Glioma microenvironment; Chemotherapy resistance; Immune cell heterogeneity; Tumor-initiated subtype transformation
• ISSN: 2090-1232; 2090-1224; 2090-1224
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.07.033

[Display omitted] •The characteristics of immunocyte subtypes and the exact mechanism of glioma-induced subtypes transformation were summarized.•The mechanism of chemotherapy resistance in glioma and prospective immunotherapy targets were analyzed.•The progress of single cell sequencing in exploring immune cell subtypes in glioma was concluded. With the gradual understanding of glioma development and the immune microenvironment, many immune cells have been discovered. Despite the growing comprehension of immune cell functions and the clinical application of immunotherapy, the precise roles and characteristics of immune cell subtypes, how glioma induces subtype transformation of immune cells and its impact on glioma progression have yet to be understood. In this review, we comprehensively center on the four major immune cells within the glioma microenvironment, particularly neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and other significant immune cells. We discuss (1) immune cell subtype markers, (2) glioma-induced immune cell subtype transformation, (3) the mechanisms of each subtype influencing chemotherapy resistance, (4) therapies targeting immune cells, and (5) immune cell-associated single-cell sequencing. Eventually, we identified the characteristics of immune cell subtypes in glioma, comprehensively summarized the exact mechanism of glioma-induced immune cell subtype transformation, and concluded the progress of single-cell sequencing in exploring immune cell subtypes in glioma. In conclusion, we have analyzed the mechanism of chemotherapy resistance detailly, and have discovered prospective immunotherapy targets, excavating the potential of novel immunotherapies approach that synergistically combines radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery, thereby paving the way for improved immunotherapeutic strategies against glioma and enhanced patient outcomes.