Blockchain-integrated decentralized fault tolerance for secure and energy-efficient multi-cloud interoperability

• Published in: Sustainable computing informatics and systems Vol. 47; p. 101170
• Main Authors: Sivagami, V.M., EaswaraKumar, K.S., Jayanthi, D., Kalavathi, S.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Inc 01.09.2025
• Subjects: Blockchain; Cross-chain interoperability; Decentralized fault tolerance; Energy efficiency; Multi-cloud environments; Proof of Stake; Security architecture; Smart contracts; Security architecture; Smart contracts; Blockchain; Cross-chain interoperability; Proof of Stake; Decentralized fault tolerance; Energy efficiency; Multi-cloud environments
• ISSN: 2210-5379
• DOI: 10.1016/j.suscom.2025.101170

Cloud service provider, multi-cloud scheme has become a strategic fashion to maximize reliability, affordability, and performance. To pose major difficulties with regard to fault tolerance, interoperability, security, and muscularity economy. To address these issues, this employment suggests a unique blockchain-integrated decentralized error allowance system. The advice model uses Proof of Stake (PoS) as the consensus chemical mechanism to improve DOE economy while preserving strong security measure and performance criteria. By around 30 %, smart contracts help to automatically reclaim defect, therefore greatly let down migration costs and downtime. To guarantee data integrity and secrecy across heterogenous swarm environs, the model as well flux a multi-layered security computer architecture desegregate homomorphic encryption, Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKP), and Decentralized Identity (DIDs). Atomic swop and cross-chain bridgework avail to enable cross-chain interoperability, hence enabling flawless and good data point exchanges with lower limit delay. Validating the achiever of the indicate strategy, the data-based finding point important addition in free energy efficiency, certificate success rate outdo 90 %, and lour migration costs. These results show the hypothesis of the suggested model to change multi-cloud direction strategies, thereby offering a strong ground for future investigations and practical applications. •The presented model applies blockchain and Proof of Stake (PoS) consensus for increased energy efficiency and security by alleviating traditional issues like fault tolerance and scalability in multi-cloud environments.•Smart contracts are appended to automate the defect recovery procedure, reducing the migration costs and downtime by about 30 % and consequently improving the reliability of the system.•The security multilayer framework comprising multiple components employed for ensuring data integrity and confidentiality in heterogeneous cloud environments.•Atomic and cross-chain bridges support seamless and efficient data transmission between disparate cloud platforms to ensure better interoperability and reduced latency in multi-cloud applications.