Salvianolic acids modulate lifespan and gut microbiota composition in amyloid-β-expressing Drosophila melanogaster

• Published in: World journal of microbiology & biotechnology Vol. 40; no. 11; p. 358
• Main Authors: Go, Wenchen, Ishak, Intan Haslina, Zarkasi, Kamarul Zaman, Azzam, Ghows
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Dordrecht Springer Netherlands 01.11.2024; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Alzheimer Disease - microbiology; Alzheimer's disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides - metabolism; Animal models; Animals; Antimicrobial agents; Applied Microbiology; Bacteria - classification; Bacteria - drug effects; Bacteria - genetics; Bacteria - metabolism; Benzofurans - pharmacology; Biochemistry; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biotechnology; Caffeic Acids - metabolism; Caffeic Acids - pharmacology; Composition; Depsides; Dietary supplements; Disease Models, Animal; Drosophila melanogaster; Drosophila melanogaster - drug effects; Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology; Food; Food composition; Fruit flies; Gastrointestinal Microbiome - drug effects; Humans; Inflammation; Insects; Intestinal microflora; Lactates - metabolism; Lactates - pharmacology; Life Sciences; Life span; Longevity - drug effects; Microbiology; Microbiomes; Microbiota; Microorganisms; Neurodegenerative diseases; Polyphenols - pharmacology; Population growth; Predictive control; Salvia miltiorrhiza - chemistry; SDG3 Good Health and Wellbeing; Tau protein; Toxicity; Urea; β-Amyloid; Gut microbiota; Salvianolic acid; Alzheimer’s disease; 16S ribosomal RNA; Methylparaben; Drosophila melanogaster
• ISSN: 0959-3993; 1573-0972; 1573-0972
• DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-04163-z

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a form of neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ), hyperphosphorylated Tau, and neuroinflammation. The increasing population affected by AD urges for the development of effective treatments. The correlation between AD and gut microbiome remains underexplored, potentially providing a better understanding of the disease. Salvianolic acid A (Sal A) and salvianolic acid B (Sal B) are the active components extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen), and their antioxidant, anti-inflammation and Aβ inhibition activities were shown previously. In this study, these compounds were used to investigate their effects on Aβ toxicity, using Drosophila melanogaster expressing human Aβ42 as the model organism, by examining their lifespan and changes in gut bacterial communities. The study used two batches of flies, reared on food with or without methylparaben (MP) supplementation to evaluate the influence of MP on this animal model during pharmacological studies. MP is a common antimicrobial agent used in flies’ food. The treatment of Sal A prolonged the lifespan of Aβ-expressing flies reared on MP-supplemented food significantly ( P  < 0.001), but not those without MP. The lifespan of Sal B-treated flies did not show a significant difference compared to untreated flies for both groups reared on food with and without MP. Sal A-treated flies in the presence of MP exhibited a lower abundance of Corynebacterium and Enterococcus than the untreated flies, while Lactiplantibacillus was the most dominant taxa. Urea cycle was predicted to be predominant in this group compared to the untreated group. The control group, Aβ-expressing flies treated with Sal A and Sal B on MP-supplemented food had improved lifespan compared to their respective groups reared on food without MP, while untreated Aβ-expressing flies was the exception. The gut microbiota composition of flies reared on MP-supplemented food was also significantly different from those without MP ( P  < 0.001).