Evaluation of Resampling Techniques in CNN-Based Heartbeat Classification

• Published in: Ingénierie des systèmes d'Information Vol. 29; no. 4; pp. 1323 - 1332
• Main Authors: Subhiyakto, Egia Rosi, Rakasiwi, Sindhu, Zeniarja, Junta, Paramita, Cinantya, Shidik, Guruh Fajar, Hasibuan, Zainal Arifin, Kesić, Marijana Geets
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Edmonton International Information and Engineering Technology Association (IIETA) 01.08.2024
• Subjects: Accuracy; Algorithms; Artificial neural networks; Cardiac arrhythmia; Cardiology; Cardiovascular disease; Classification; Datasets; Diagnostic systems; Electrocardiography; Feature recognition; Heart rate; Machine learning; Methods; Neural networks; Resampling; System effectiveness; Transformers
• ISSN: 1633-1311; 2116-7125
• DOI: 10.18280/isi.290408

This study investigates the efficacy of resampling techniques in ECG classification, addressing the challenge of data imbalance in heartbeat classification. Utilizing the PTB Diagnostic ECG database, the research focuses on the application of various Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) variations, including SMOTE Borderline, ADASYN, Tomek, and ENN, alongside three algorithms: CNN, Transformer, and LSTM. The dataset, encompassing 549 patient records from 290 subjects, was bifurcated into training and testing segments, classifying heartbeats into normal and abnormal categories. The novelty of this work lies in its combined deep-structured learning model that integrates CNN, Transformer, and LSTM, further enhanced by an ensemble of these algorithms with original SMOTE and its variants for dataset balancing. The research revealed that the proposed method significantly ameliorates the classification of heartbeats, effectively addressing the class imbalance issue prevalent in ECG data. The results demonstrated that the transformer network, in particular, excelled in recognizing temporal continuities and extracting deep-seated features from ECG signals, thereby enhancing the model's performance beyond the capabilities of basic models. Key results indicate that CNN+SMOTE Borderline achieves the highest testing accuracy at 99.36%, while CNN+SMOTE Tomek leads in precision with 99.89%. Transformers excel in recall with a perfect score of 100%. The research concludes that CNNs effectively distinguish normal from abnormal heartbeats, with the highest accuracy using CNN+SMOTE at 99.06%. However, the study also acknowledges limitations, such as the dataset's restricted scope, and suggests further research with a more diverse dataset. Overall, the study demonstrates the effectiveness of CNN in ECG arrhythmia classification, offering a foundation for more advanced automatic diagnostic systems in cardiology.