Anthropology and Genetics of the Tolyonsky Burial Ground No. 93. Udmurtia, Polomskaya Archaeological Culture

• Published in: Russian journal of genetics Vol. 60; no. 6; pp. 797 - 808
• Main Authors: Veselovskaya, E. V., Rashkovskaya, Yu. V., Dyomin, A. S., Mustafin, Kh. Kh, Alborova, I. E.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Moscow Pleiades Publishing 01.06.2024
• Subjects: Animal Genetics and Genomics; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedicine; Human Genetics; Microbial Genetics and Genomics; osteology; Tolyonsky burial ground; mitotype; Polomskaya archaeological culture; SNP mutations; mtDNA; anthropological reconstruction of appearance; Y chromosome; ancient DNA; craniology; STR haplotype; haplogroup; NGS
• ISSN: 1022-7954; 1608-3369
• DOI: 10.1134/S1022795424700248

The problems of the relationship between the cultures of the Volga-Kama region in general and the formation of the Udmurt ethnos involve scientists of various specializations. The main task of this work is to make a comprehensive description of the burial from the Tolyonsky burial ground located on the territory of the Debessky district of Udmurtia on the right bank of the Cheptsy River. Excavations were carried out by V.A. Semenov in the 1980s. Archaeological and anthropological material is stored in the Ivanova Historical and Cultural Museum-Reserve Idnakar of the Udmurt Republic. The absolute radiocarbon dating of the sample was obtained: 1440 ± 69 years. An anthropological study of the remains revealed a predominant body type as thoracic or pectorally muscular; the living body length was 166 cm. The studied individual was distinguished by brachycephaly, large latitudinal dimensions of the face, and a protruding nose shape. A scientific restoration of the appearance by the method of M.M. Gerasimov was carried out; contour and graphic portraits (full face and profile) were presented. Taking into account the results of genetic analysis, a watercolor artistic portrait was made. For the first time, comprehensive paleogenetic studies have been carried out on a representative of the Polomskaya archaeological culture. The Y-chromosomal haplogroup N1a1a1a2b (B181) and the mitochondrial haplogroup U4 have been established with high reliability. The identified haplogroups in individual no. 93 from the Tolyonsky burial ground along the male and female lines are geographically confined to the Central Volga-Ural region, which is consistent with the results of anthropological and archaeological research. With a probability of more than 97%, the color of the iris of the eyes is predicted to be blue in this individual.