AUTOIMMUNE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA ASSOCIATED WITH COVID-19 IN AN INFANT: A CASE REPORT

Autoimmune complications such as autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), an uncommon entity in pediatric patients, have been associated with infectious diseases. Knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms that contribute to the immune dysregulation caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronav...

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Published inTurkish Medical Student Journal Vol. 10; no. 3; p. 132
Main Authors Doria-Atencia, Jesly, Tous-Barrios, Karen, Guerrero-Roman, Mauricio, Gonzalez-Cabarcas, Ayslin, Pinzon-Redondo, Hernando, Doria-Atencia, Joel, Fontalvo-Rivera, Dilia
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Galenos Yayinevi Tic. Ltd 01.10.2023
Subjects
Autoimmunity
Children
Colombia
Communicable diseases
Coronaviruses
Development and progression
Epidemics
Health aspects
Hemolytic anemia
Molecular biology
Pediatrics
Severe acute respiratory syndrome
Colombia
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Summary:Autoimmune complications such as autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), an uncommon entity in pediatric patients, have been associated with infectious diseases. Knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms that contribute to the immune dysregulation caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is highly important, and clarifying the hypotheses about the molecular mimicry linked to these complications is essential to overcome potentially life-threatening hematologic manifestations in the underestimated pediatric population during the pandemic. A 10-month-old male with respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms due to a SARS-CoV-2 infection documented by a molecular biology test developed severe anemia symptoms with an autoimmune hemolytic etiology. Management with corticosteroids improved his clinical condition and hematologic parameters. AIHA is a pathology with a broad presentation spectrum. Many illnesses are associated with triggers of AIHA; however, only a few related to Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) in infants have been described. This case report reminds us to consider the AIHA condition as a possible complication of COVID-19 in children under five years old. Keywords: Anemia, autoimmunity, molecular mimicry, SARS-CoV-2
ISSN:2148-4724
DOI:10.4274/tmsj.galenos.2023.2023-5-2