Small Dam Design and Construction for Sustainable Water Resources Management: A Comprehensive Review

• Published in: UHD Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 9; no. 1; pp. 55 - 64
• Main Authors: Rahman, Abdalmajeed Mohammed, Mustafa, Nawbahar Faraj
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: University of Human Development 27.03.2025
• Subjects: construction practices; hydrology; site selection; small dam construction; stability analysis; water resource management
• ISSN: 2521-4209; 2521-4217
• DOI: 10.21928/uhdjst.v9n1y2025.pp55-64

Small dams are crucial in water resource management, particularly in regions with water scarcity and climate unpredictability. Despite their cost-effectiveness, the construction of small dams often lacks engineering standards, which raises concerns about their long-term stability and safety. This study reviews the design, construction, stability, and protection of small dams, emphasizing the importance of proper site selection, geological and hydrological studies, and advanced methodologies, such as Geographic Information Systems and multi-criteria decision-making approaches in dam evaluation. Furthermore, the study highlights the significance of detailed planning, material selection, and quality construction to ensure dam longevity. It also discusses the role of modern tools, such as HEC-HMS, HEC-RAS, and GeoStudio in assessing flood risks, seepage, and stability. Inadequate design, particularly in the face of extreme weather events, can lead to dam failures, emphasizing the need for comprehensive planning and rigorous assessments. Through an analysis of various studies and case examples, this paper aims to provide insights into sustainable small dam construction and water resources management practices that ensure their effectiveness and resilience in addressing water scarcity challenges.