Effects of hazardous chemicals on secondary sex ratio: A comprehensive review

• Published in: Chemosphere (Oxford) Vol. 361; p. 142467
• Main Authors: Dermitzakis, Iasonas, Theotokis, Paschalis, Axarloglou, Evangelos, Delilampou, Efthymia, Manthou, Maria Eleni, Meditskou, Soultana
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Ltd 01.08.2024
• Subjects: Animals; Chemicals; Development; Endocrine disruptors; Endocrine Disruptors - analysis; Endocrine Disruptors - toxicity; Environmental Exposure - statistics & numerical data; Environmental Pollutants - analysis; Environmental Pollutants - toxicity; Exposure; Female; Hazardous Substances - analysis; Hazardous Substances - toxicity; Humans; Male; Reproduction; Secondary sex ratio; Sex Ratio; Endocrine disruptors; Secondary sex ratio; Development; Reproduction; Exposure; Chemicals
• ISSN: 0045-6535; 1879-1298; 1879-1298
• DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142467

The secondary sex ratio (SSR), defined as the ratio of male to female offspring at birth, has garnered significant scientific interest due to its potential impact on population dynamics and evolution. In recent years, there has been a growing concern regarding the potential consequences of environmental chemicals on the SSR, given their widespread exposure and potential enduring ramifications on the reproductive system. While SSR serves as an indicator of health, ongoing research and scientific inquiry are being conducted to explore the potential relationship between chemicals and offspring ratio. Although some studies have suggested a possible correlation, others have yielded inconclusive results, indicating that the topic is intricate and still needs to be elucidated. The precise mechanism by which chemical agents exert their influence on the SSR remains ambiguous, with disruption of the endocrine system being a prominent justification. In light of the complex interplay between chemical exposure and SSR, the present review aims to comprehensively examine and synthesize existing scientific literature to gain a deeper understanding of how specific chemical exposures may impact SSR. Insights into chemical hazards that shift SSR patterns or trends could guide prevention strategies, including legislative bans of certain chemicals, to minimize environmental and public health risks. [Display omitted] •Various natural and anthropogenic factors have been suggested as potential causes for fluctuations in SSR.•Chemicals have potential enduring ramifications on the reproductive system.•Exploring the effects of chemicals on the SSR and investigating potential underlying mechanisms.•Εxposure to certain chemicals may substantially influence the SSR.