High d33 Lead-Free Piezoceramics: A Review

Over the past two decades, lead-free piezoceramics have been developed aiming to replace toxic lead-bearing lead zirconate titanate (PZT). A large number of lead-free piezo systems were explored during this period as evidenced from the huge number of publications. At this juncture, it was felt neces...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inJournal of electronic materials Vol. 51; no. 3; pp. 938 - 952
Main Authors Panda, P. K., Sahoo, B., Thejas, T. S., Krishna, M.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published New York Springer US 01.03.2022
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects
Barium
Barium titanates
Calcium titanate
Calcium zirconate
Characterization and Evaluation of Materials
Chemistry and Materials Science
Electronics and Microelectronics
Instrumentation
Lead free
Lead zirconate titanates
Materials Science
Optical and Electronic Materials
Piezoelectric ceramics
Piezoelectricity
Review Article
Solid State Physics
High
lead-free piezo
KNN
BCZT
BCST
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Summary:Over the past two decades, lead-free piezoceramics have been developed aiming to replace toxic lead-bearing lead zirconate titanate (PZT). A large number of lead-free piezo systems were explored during this period as evidenced from the huge number of publications. At this juncture, it was felt necessary to publish a review article focusing on material systems and processes delivering high d 33 in order to give direction to future research for its further improvement equivalent to or higher than the d 33 level delivered by PZT. The important lead-free piezo systems under consideration are: modified barium titanates such as barium calcium titanate zirconate (BCTZ), barium calcium tin titanate (BCSnT), barium calcium hafnium titanate (BCHfT), and potassium sodium niobate (KNN). In this article, an effort has been made to review the high piezoelectric properties achieved on the above lead-free piezo systems explaining the reasons and mechanisms behind high piezo properties and possible future directions of the research for further enhancement of properties.
ISSN:0361-5235
1543-186X
DOI:10.1007/s11664-021-09346-0