Declines in coastal macrozooplankton communities within a recent climate and ocean tipping point in the Tropical South Atlantic

• Published in: The Science of the total environment Vol. 954; p. 176722
• Main Authors: Schwamborn, Denise Fabiana de Moraes Costa, Marcolin, Catarina da Rocha, Lins-Silva, Nathália, Brito-Lolaia, Morgana, Varona, Humberto L., Lira, Simone Maria de Albuquerque, Almeida, Alexandre Oliveira de, Schwamborn, Ralf
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.12.2024
• Subjects: El Niño; Penaeid shrimp postlarvae; Rainfall; Regime change; TSA index; ZooScan; Rainfall; Regime change; ZooScan; El Niño; TSA index; Penaeid shrimp postlarvae
• ISSN: 0048-9697; 1879-1026; 1879-1026
• DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176722

This study investigated whether variations in climate and ocean drivers on global, regional, and local scales affected macrozooplankton communities in a coastal protected area in Tamandaré Bay (northeastern Brazil). For this purpose, bimonthly field campaigns were carried out from June 2013 to August 2019. A significant tipping point (point of change, p < 0.001), with an abrupt increase in SST, was detected in the TSA (Tropical South Atlantic) index. This indicates the existence of a climate regime shift in the Tropical South Atlantic during the 2015/16 El Niño (EN) event. Extreme rainfall events were observed in Tamandaré Bay after this EN event, in 2017, 2018, and in 2019 (and more recently, in 2022). This extreme rainfall led to low-salinity events, increased variability in salinity, and significantly lower abundances in the period after the strong EN event, for socioeconomically relevant penaeid shrimp postlarvae and several other zooplankton groups (e.g., copepods, appendicularians, anomuran hermit crab larvae, and chaetognaths). We found a significant relationship between SSTs in the TSA region and penaeid shrimp recruitment in the study area, located leewards of the TSA index area. The decline in shrimp postlarvae and other macrozooplankton may be due to a combination of factors, such as climate and ocean shifts (atmospheric easterly waves disturbances, winds, precipitation, salinity) and possibly increasing marine pollution (related to extreme rainfall events, that convey macro- and microplastics, and pollutants from the continent). Cnidarian medusae and fish eggs were among the few “winners” of this ecosystem regime shift. Changes in climate, ocean, macrozooplankton, and shrimp postlarvae abundance evidence a relevant climate, ocean and ecosystem regime shift in this region with a tipping point during 2015/16 “Godzilla” El Niño. Possible future consequences in the context of persistent warming in the TSA region and the currently ongoing record strength 2023/24 EN event are discussed. [Display omitted] •A climate, ocean and ecosystem regime shift occurred during the 2015/16 El Niño (EN).•Extreme rainfall events were observed in Tamandaré (Brazil) after this strong EN.•Shrimp postlarvae and several other macrozooplankton showed declines in abundance.•Jellyfish and fish eggs were the few “winners” within the ecosystem regime shift.•Consequences of warming in the TSA region and the ongoing 2023/24 EN are discussed.