Diversity-enhanced canopy space occupation and leaf functional diversity jointly promote overyielding in tropical tree communities

• Published in: The Science of the total environment Vol. 951; p. 175438
• Main Authors: Ray, Tama, Fichtner, Andreas, Kunz, Matthias, Proß, Tobias, Bradler, Pia M., Bruelheide, Helge, Georgi, Louis, Haider, Sylvia, Hildebrand, Michaela, Potvin, Catherine, Schnabel, Florian, Trogisch, Stefan, von Oheimb, Goddert
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 15.11.2024
• Subjects: Biodiversity; Biodiversity effects; Canopy space filling; Forest productivity; Forest restoration; Forests; Leaf functional traits; Plant Leaves; Sardinilla experiment; Trees - physiology; Tropical Climate; Canopy space filling; Leaf functional traits; Biodiversity effects; Forest productivity; Sardinilla experiment; Forest restoration
• ISSN: 0048-9697; 1879-1026; 1879-1026
• DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175438

Understanding the mechanisms that drive biodiversity-productivity relationships is critical for guiding forest restoration. Although complementarity among trees in the canopy space has been suggested as a key mechanism for greater productivity in mixed-species tree communities, empirical evidence remains limited. Here, we used data from a tropical tree diversity experiment to disentangle the effects of tree species richness and community functional characteristics (community-weighted mean and functional diversity of leaf traits) on canopy space filling, and how these effects are related to overyielding. We found that canopy space filling was largely explained by species identity effects rather than tree diversity effects. Communities with a high abundance of species with a conservative resource-use strategy were those with most densely packed canopies. Across monocultures and mixtures, a higher canopy space filling translated into an enhanced wood productivity. Importantly, most communities (83 %) produced more wood volume than the average of their constituent species in monoculture (i.e. most communities overyielded). Our results show that overyielding increased with leaf functional diversity and positive net biodiversity effects on canopy space filling, which mainly arose due to a high taxonomic diversity. These findings suggest that both taxonomic diversity-enhanced canopy space filling and canopy leaf diversity are important drivers for overyielding in mixed-species forests. Consequently, restoration initiatives should promote stands with functionally diverse canopies by selecting tree species with large interspecific differences in leaf nutrition, as well as leaf and branch morphology to optimize carbon capture in young forest stands. [Display omitted] •Communities with a conservative strategy exhibit most densely packed canopies.•Canopy space filling strongly enhances community productivity.•Leaf functional diversity directly increases overyielding.•Tree diversity increases overyielding indirectly via enhancing canopy space filling.