Modern prejudice and strength of conjunction error

• Published in: Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal Vol. 36; no. 5; pp. 417 - 436
• Main Author: Wolfram, Hans-Joachim
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Birmingham Emerald Publishing Limited 01.07.2017; Emerald Group Publishing Limited
• Subjects: Affirmative action; Age discrimination; Applied psychology; Attitudes; Careers; Cognition & reasoning; Employees; Female employees; Gender; Heart attacks; Heuristic; Homeless people; Information processing; Labor force; Minority & ethnic groups; Modernity; Multiculturalism & pluralism; Nurses; Occupations; Older people; Organizational change; Perceptions; Personality; Population; Prejudice; Prominence; Psychotherapy; Questionnaires; Racism; Scores; Sex roles; Sexism; Social cognition; Social psychology; Stereotypes; Women; Workplace diversity; United Kingdom > UK; Modern sexism; Conjunction error; Bias; Modern ageism; Modern prejudice; Modern racism
• ISSN: 2040-7149; 2040-7157
• DOI: 10.1108/EDI-03-2017-0056

Purpose Modern prejudice was examined as a potential predictor of overestimating proportions of minority employees in gender-typed occupations. Strength of conjunction error was considered as an indicator of distorted perceptions of these proportions. Furthermore, the purpose of this paper is to investigate whether the association between modern prejudice and strength of conjunction error was weaker for gender-untypical than for gender-typical targets. Design/methodology/approach Modern prejudice was considered as a predictor of overestimations of black female employees in Study 1 (n=183) and black female older employees in Study 2 (n=409). Data were collected using internet-mediated questionnaires. Findings In Study 1, modern racism, but not modern sexism, was associated with greater strength of conjunction error when respondents were presented with gender-typical targets. In Study 2, using a sample scoring higher on modern prejudice than in Study 1, modern racism, but not modern sexism and modern ageism, was associated with greater strength of conjunction error, irrespective of target occupation. Furthermore, there was an unexpected association between lower sexism and greater strength of conjunction error for gender-typical targets, but not for gender-untypical targets. Research limitations/implications The findings lend support to the ethnic-prominence hypothesis in that modern racism, but not modern sexism or modern ageism, was associated with greater strength of conjunction error. Furthermore, empirical evidence suggests that target non-prototypicality can dilute the effect of modern prejudice on strength of conjunction error. Originality/value This is one of the rare studies examining attitudes and conjunction error in a work-relevant context, thereby bridging the gap between social cognition and applied psychology.