Nuclear Fusion Reactors: Challenges and Potential as a Future Energy Source

• Published in: E3S web of conferences Vol. 540; p. 13014
• Main Authors: Ramesh Kumar, S., Renuka, G., Bijlwan, Sheela, Abbas, Ahmed H.R., Sharma, Smriti, Waghulde, K.B.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: EDP Sciences 2024
• ISSN: 2267-1242; 2267-1242
• DOI: 10.1051/e3sconf/202454013014

This review article delves into the promising yet challenging realm of nuclear fusion reactors as a potential future energy source. The paper provides a comprehensive overview of global fusion research, highlighting its potential benefits and the technical obstacles that have hindered its widespread commercial adoption. Fusion energy, with its abundant resources, minimal waste generation, and low emissions, emerges as a long-term solution for a sustainable energy future. However, its technical complexities suggest that its widespread commercialization may not be realized until the end of the century. The article further explores the environmental compatibility, safety, and resource implications of fusion energy. A significant emphasis is placed on the paramount importance of safety in the development of fusion power reactors. The review underscores the need for robust safety cases, accident identification methods, and the establishment of internationally recognized safety standards. Additionally, the paper identifies knowledge gaps and areas necessitating further research, ensuring that fusion power stations meet rigorous safety objectives while minimizing environmental impact. Through a holistic examination of fusion’s potential and challenges, this review offers insights into its role in shaping the future energy landscape.