Prevalence and characteristics of anemia in patients with diabetes mellitus aged 50 or older in health unit area of Cadiz (Spain)

Anemia is a common comorbidity in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), particularly in older adults. However, there is a lack of data on the prevalence and the characteristics of anemia in this population in Spain. To describe the prevalence and the characteristics of anemia in patients with DM age...

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Published inRevista clínica espanõla (English edition) Vol. 224; no. 7; pp. 457 - 465
Main Authors Michán-Doña, A., Jiménez-Varo, E., Escribano-Cobalea, M., Casto-Jarillo, C., López-Ceres, A., Campos-Dávila, E., Hormigo-Pozo, A., Nieto-Ordoñez, C., Rodríguez-Juliá, M.Á., Escribano-Serrano, J.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Spain Elsevier España, S.L.U 01.08.2024
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Summary:Anemia is a common comorbidity in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), particularly in older adults. However, there is a lack of data on the prevalence and the characteristics of anemia in this population in Spain. To describe the prevalence and the characteristics of anemia in patients with DM aged 50 or older (PDM50) in a healthcare district in the province of Cádiz. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted that included outpatient’s laboratory tests (OLT) performed over 30 months at PDM50. The prevalence of anemia was 29.9% (95% CI: 28.7%–31.1%), predominating in women (33.3% vs 26.7%; P < 0.01), in older people stratified by decades (61.7% in 9th decade vs 12% in 5th decade; P < 0.01), and in those with kidney disease (44.7% vs 28%; P < 0.01). Most cases were mild (68.3%), normocytic (78.7%), and hypochromic (52%). Similarly, moderate-to-severe anemia was more frequent in women (39% vs 23%), their prevalence increased with age (45% in the 9th decade vs 24% in the 5th decade), and with the progression of kidney damage, either measured by a decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (49% in G4 vs 25% in G1), or the presence of albuminuria (P < 0.01). No association was found between DM control, based on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and anemia in either sex (P = 0.887). This study describes a high prevalence of anemia in PDM50, particularly in women, in the most advantageous people and in the presence of kidney disease, even in early stages, highlighting the clinical importance of this coexistence. La anemia es una comorbilidad frecuente en pacientes con diabetes mellitus (DM), particularmente en adultos mayores. Sin embargo, apenas hay datos sobre la prevalencia y las características de la anemia en esta población en España. Describir la prevalencia y las características de la anemia en pacientes con DM de 50 años o más (PDM50) de un área sanitaria de la provincia de Cádiz. Se realizó un estudio transversal retrospectivo que incluyó las determinaciones ambulatorias (DA) realizadas durante 30 meses a PDM50. La prevalencia de anemia fue del 29,9% (IC 95%: 28,7%–31,1%), predominando en las mujeres (33,3% vs 26,7%; P < 0,01), en las personas mayores estratificadas por décadas (D9 61,7% vs D5 12%, P < 0,01) y en presencia de enfermedad renal (44,7% vs 28%; P < 0,01). La mayoría de los casos fueron leves (68,3%), normocíticas (78,7%) e hipocrómicas (52%). Similarmente, las moderadas-graves fueron más frecuentes en las mujeres (39% frente a 23%), aumentaron con la edad (45% en la 9ª década frente a 24% en la 5ª) y con la progresión del daño renal, medido bien por descenso del filtrado glomerular (G4 49% vs G1 25%) o por albuminuria (P < 0,01). No hubo asociación entre el control de la DM, basado en la hemoglobina glicada (HbA1c), y la anemia en ambos sexos (P = 0,887). Este estudio describe una alta prevalencia de anemia en PDM50, particularmente en las mujeres, en las personas más provectas y en presencia de enfermedad renal, incluso en fases tempranas, resaltando la importancia clínica de esta coexistencia.
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ISSN:2254-8874
2254-8874
DOI:10.1016/j.rceng.2024.06.008