Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy Versus Image-Guided Intensity Modulated External Beam Radiotherapy in Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer: A Phase III Randomized Control Study

• Published in: Clinical oncology (Royal College of Radiologists (Great Britain)) Vol. 36; no. 11; pp. 728 - 737
• Main Authors: Rai, B., Dey, T., Ballari, N., Singh, M., Miryala, R., Srinivasa, G.Y., Kataria, V., Naseem, R., Thakur, S., Arun Singh, O., Ghoshal, S.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Ltd 01.11.2024
• Subjects: 3DCRT; cervix; IGRT; patient-specific ITV; cervix; IGRT; 3DCRT; patient-specific ITV
• ISSN: 0936-6555; 1433-2981; 1433-2981
• DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2024.08.004

The standard treatment of locally advanced cervical carcinoma is radical chemoradiation followed by brachytherapy which has improved survival. Hence, a major concern is our attempt to reduce the incidence of acute and late toxicities. IMRT has been shown to reduce toxicities. In this study, we have compared 3DCRT with IG-IMRT using patient-specific margins to evaluate tumor control as well as OAR-related toxicities. This was a single institution prospective phase III randomised control study including patients of squamous cell carcinoma of cervix (stage II–IIIB, FIGO 2009) without pelvic lymph node involvement. All patients were simulated using intermediate bladder filling protocol and those in the IG-IMRT arm, underwent additional scans with full and empty bladder to assess the range of internal motion and generate individualised ITV margin. EBRT dose of 46Gy/23#/4.5 weeks was delivered with weekly concurrent cisplatin followed by brachytherapy. All toxicities during EBRT and till 3 months post brachytherapy were considered acute toxicity. Post-treatment, patients were followed up every 2 months for first 2 years and then once every 6 months. Disease-related outcomes were assessed with clinical examination and symptom-directed imaging. Two hundred patients were screened for inclusion and of them, 89 patients in 3DCRT and 84 patients in IG-IMRT arms were considered for final analysis. The baseline characteristics were comparable in both arms, majority of patients in both arms having stage II disease. For OARs, all dosimetric parameters were significantly better in the IG-IMRT arm. Acute radiation induced toxicities (dermatitis, genito-urinary and gastrointestinal toxicities) were significantly less in the IG-IMRT arm. The local, pelvic, and distant control were comparable in both arms. Based on our experience, the use of IG-IMRT with patient-specific ITV margins results in reduction in acute OAR toxicities in patients without compromising on tumor control. •This randomised study compares 3DCRT with IG-IMRT in locally advanced cervical cancer.•IG-IMRT reduced late OAR toxicities without compromising tumor control.•Median time to develop grade ≥2 late toxicities was prolonged in IG-IMRT arm.•We propose IGRT even in node negative patients as per the availability of resources.