Posterior capsular opacification and YAG laser capsulotomy in uveitis patients following cataract surgery

• Published in: Canadian journal of ophthalmology
• Main Authors: Levy-Clarke, Grace A., Newcomb, Craig W., Ying, Gui-Shuang, Groth, Sylvia L., Kothari, Srishti, Payal, Abhishek, Begum, Hosne, Liesegang, Teresa L., Foster, C. Stephen, Jabs, Douglas A., Nussenblatt, Robert, Rosenbaum, James T., Sen, H. Nida, Suhler, Eric B., Thorne, Jennifer E., Bhatt, Nirali P., Dreger, Kurt A., Buchanich, Jeanine M., Kempen, John H., Gangaputra, Sapna
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Inc 27.05.2024
• ISSN: 0008-4182; 1715-3360; 1715-3360
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2024.05.004

To evaluate the incidence of visually significant posterior capsule opacification (PCO with visual acuity ≤20/50) and the incidence of Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy in the year following cataract surgery for uveitic eyes. Patients were identified from the Systemic Immunosuppressive Therapy for Eye Diseases (SITE) Cohort Study using a standardized chart review process. Among 1,855 uveitic eyes of 1,370 patients who had undergone cataract surgery, visually significant PCO occurred in 297 eyes (16%), and YAG laser capsulotomy was done in 407 eyes (22%) within the first year following surgery. Higher odds of developing 20/50 visual acuity attributed to PCO were noted in children and young adults compared with adults older than 65 years of age (overall p = 0.03). Poorer preoperative visual acuity (overall p = 0.0069) and postoperative inflammation (odds ratio [OR] = 1.83; 95% CI, 1.37–2.45; p < 0.0001) were associated with PCO incidence. In multivariable analysis, risk factors for YAG laser capsulotomy were younger age groups compared with those older than 65 years of age at the time of surgery (adjusted OR [aOR] = 1.90–2.24; 95% CI, 1.90–2.24; overall p = 0.0007), female sex (aOR = 1.37; 95% CI, 1.03–1.82; p = 0.03), postoperative active inflammation (aOR = 165; 95% CI, 1.27–2.16; overall p < 0.0001), extracapsular cataract extraction compared with phacoemulsification (aOR = 1.70; 95% CI, 1.17–2.47; overall p < 0.0001), and insertion of an intraocular lens (aOR = 4.60; 95% CI, –2.29–9.25; p < 0.0001). Black race was associated with lower YAG laser capsulotomy incidence than Whites (aOR = 0.36; 95% CI, 0.24–0.52; overall p < 0.0001). Vision-reducing (≤20/50) PCO is common, occurring in about one sixth of uveitic eyes within 1 year of cataract surgery; a higher number (22%) of eyes underwent YAG laser capsulotomy within the first year. Age and postoperative inflammation following cataract surgery are the variables most associated with the incidence of visually significant PCO and YAG laser capsulotomy.