Molekularna filogenija i genetička raznolikost domaćih jakova (Bos grunniens) u Pakistanu na temelju mitohondrijskih i mikrosatelitskih markera

• Published in: Veterinarska stanica Vol. 52; no. 6; pp. 671 - 684
• Main Authors: Soail, Mudassir, Babar, Ellahi, Musthafa, Muneeb M., Marikar, Faiz M. M. T., Abbas, Kamran, Ali, Akhtar, Wajid, Abdul, Hussain, Tanveer
• Format: Journal Article Paper
• Language: English; Croatian
• Published: Hrvatski veterinarski institut 07.06.2021
• Subjects: citokromni b gen; Cyt b gene; domaći jak; domestic yak; filogenija; microsatellites; mikrosateliti; mtDNA D-loop; mtDNK petlja; Pakistan; phylogeny
• ISSN: 0350-7149; 1849-1170
• DOI: 10.46419/vs.52.6.5

The complete Cytchrome b gene and partial mtDNA control region were sequenced for the Pakistani domestic yak (Bos grunniens) within the Bovidae family. A total of 300 samples were genotyped using 27 bovine microsatellite markers from the Gilgit-Baltistan and Skardu regions of Pakistan. We identified a total of 35 mutations and 9 haplotypes based on D-loop sequences, with a haplotype and nucleotide diversity of 0.9640±0.051 and 0.02172±0.00224, respectively. For the Cyt b gene, a total of 23 variable sites and six different haplotypes were observed with 0.885±0.067 haplotype and 0.00989±0.003 nucleotide diversity. Phylogenetic analysis of D-loop and Cyt b gene suggested that domestic yak sequences cluster into two highly divergent maternal lineages (lineages I and II), while three haplogroups A, C, and D were identified of the six previously known haplogroups. Haplogroups A and C were dominant and widely distributed among all investigated yak samples. All microsatellites were polymorphic and a total of 138 alleles were observed, with average polymorphic information content (PIC) of 0.56 indicating their effectiveness. The average heterozygosity was observed at 0.6071 with allele diversity of 5.1111 and gene diversity of 0.4830. The implications of these findings can be applied for yak conservation. Za pakistanskog domaćeg jaka (Bos grunniens) iz obitelji šupljorožaca (Bovidae), sekvenciran je cjelokupni citokromni b gen i djelomice kontrolna regija mtDNK. Genoti¬pizirano je tri stotine uzoraka uporabom 27 goveđih mikrosatelitskih markera pasmine Gilgit-Baltistan i Skardu iz Pakistana. Identifi¬cirali smo ukupno 35 mutacija i 9 haplotipova na temelju sekvencija D-petlje uz haplotipsku i nukleotidnu raznolikost od 0,9640±0,051, od¬nosno 0,02172±0,00224. Za citokromni b gen, ukupno 23 varijabilne lokacije i šest različi¬tih haplotipova zamijećeno je s 0,885±0,067 haplotipskom i 0,00989±0,003 nukleotidnom raznolikošću. Filogenetska analiza D-petlje i citokromnog b gena ukazala je da se sekven¬ce domaćih jakova grupiraju u dvije vrlo di¬vergentne loze po majci (loza I i II), dok su identificirane tri haplogrupe A, C i D od ranije poznatih šest haplogrupa. Haplogrupe A i C bile su dominantne i široko rasprostranjene među svim istraženim uzorcima jakova. Svi mikrosateliti bili su polimorfni te je zamijeće¬no ukupno 138 alela, s prosječnim sadržajem polimorfne informacije (PIC) od 0,56 ukazu¬jući na njihovu učinkovitost. Zamijećena je prosječna heterozigotnost od 0,6071 s alelnom raznolikošću 5,1111 i genetskom raznolikošću 0,4830. Implikacije ovih nalaza mogu se rabiti za očuvanje populacije jakova.