Drug-induced hyponatremia

• Published in: Siberian Medical Review Vol. 6; pp. 22 - 34
• Main Authors: Ostroumova, O.D., Listratov, A.I., Kochetkov, A.I., Sychev, D.A.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: 2021
• ISSN: 1819-9496; 2500-0136
• DOI: 10.20333/25000136-2021-6-22-34

Hyponatremia (HN) is one of the most important water-electrolyte disorders in clinical practice. A decrease in sodium levels leads to various complications, including neurological ones. One of the important etiological factors of HN is the intake of a number of drugs. The purpose of the review was to analyze data on those drugs, the intake of which is associated with the development of DI GN, its pathophysiological mechanisms, risk factors, methods of treatment and prevention. The search for the specified keywords was carried out in the databases eLIBRARY.RU, PubMed®, MEDLINE, EMBASE, manuals and methodological recommendations, materials of databases of adverse reactions, instructions for the medical use of drugs in the period from 1971 to 01.07.2021. According to the results obtained, the main culprit drugs include thiazide diuretics, antipsychotic drugs, antidepressants, antiepileptic drugs, antineoplastic drugs. The incidence of HN during the use of antidepressants reaches 40%, with the use of oxcarbazepine occurs in 73.3% of patients. Most often, these drugs lead to HN by the development of a syndrome of inadequate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. During the review, it was found that drugs from a wide variety of groups lead to the development of HN, the mainstay of treatment is drug withdrawal and restriction of fluid intake, and for prevention, dynamic monitoring of sodium levels is required.