Distinct chikungunya virus polymerase palm subdomains contribute to viral protein accumulation and virion production

Alphaviruses encode an error-prone RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), nsP4, required for genome synthesis, yet how the RdRp functions in the complete alphavirus life cycle is not well-defined. Previous work using chikungunya virus has established the importance of the nsP4 residue cysteine 483 in...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inPLoS pathogens Vol. 20; no. 10; p. e1011972
Main Authors Martin, Marie-France, Bonaventure, Boris, McCray, Nia E, Peersen, Olve B, Rozen-Gagnon, Kathryn, Stapleford, Kenneth A
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States 14.10.2024
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

Abstract Alphaviruses encode an error-prone RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), nsP4, required for genome synthesis, yet how the RdRp functions in the complete alphavirus life cycle is not well-defined. Previous work using chikungunya virus has established the importance of the nsP4 residue cysteine 483 in replication. Given the location of residue C483 in the nsP4 palm domain, we hypothesized that other residues within this domain and surrounding subdomains would also contribute to polymerase function. To test this hypothesis, we designed a panel of nsP4 variants via homology modeling based on the coxsackievirus B3 3D polymerase. We rescued each variant in mammalian and mosquito cells and discovered that the palm domain and ring finger subdomain contribute to host-specific replication. In C6/36 cells, we found that while the nsP4 variants had replicase function similar to that of wild-type CHIKV, many variants presented changes in protein accumulation and virion production even when viral nonstructural and structural proteins were produced. Finally, we found that WT CHIKV and nsP4 variant replication and protein production could be enhanced in mammalian cells at 28°C, yet growing virus under these conditions led to changes in virus infectivity. Taken together, these studies highlight that distinct nsP4 subdomains are required for proper RNA transcription and translation, having major effects on virion production.
AbstractList Alphaviruses encode an error-prone RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), nsP4, required for genome synthesis, yet how the RdRp functions in the complete alphavirus life cycle is not well-defined. Previous work using chikungunya virus has established the importance of the nsP4 residue cysteine 483 in replication. Given the location of residue C483 in the nsP4 palm domain, we hypothesized that other residues within this domain and surrounding subdomains would also contribute to polymerase function. To test this hypothesis, we designed a panel of nsP4 variants via homology modeling based on the coxsackievirus B3 3D polymerase. We rescued each variant in mammalian and mosquito cells and discovered that the palm domain and ring finger subdomain contribute to host-specific replication. In C6/36 cells, we found that while the nsP4 variants had replicase function similar to that of wild-type CHIKV, many variants presented changes in protein accumulation and virion production even when viral nonstructural and structural proteins were produced. Finally, we found that WT CHIKV and nsP4 variant replication and protein production could be enhanced in mammalian cells at 28°C, yet growing virus under these conditions led to changes in virus infectivity. Taken together, these studies highlight that distinct nsP4 subdomains are required for proper RNA transcription and translation, having major effects on virion production.
Alphaviruses encode an error-prone RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), nsP4, required for genome synthesis, yet how the RdRp functions in the complete alphavirus life cycle is not well-defined. Previous work using chikungunya virus has established the importance of the nsP4 residue cysteine 483 in replication. Given the location of residue C483 in the nsP4 palm domain, we hypothesized that other residues within this domain and surrounding subdomains would also contribute to polymerase function. To test this hypothesis, we designed a panel of nsP4 variants via homology modeling based on the coxsackievirus B3 3D polymerase. We rescued each variant in mammalian and mosquito cells and discovered that the palm domain and ring finger subdomain contribute to host-specific replication. In C6/36 cells, we found that while the nsP4 variants had replicase function similar to that of wild-type CHIKV, many variants presented changes in protein accumulation and virion production even when viral nonstructural and structural proteins were produced. Finally, we found that WT CHIKV and nsP4 variant replication and protein production could be enhanced in mammalian cells at 28°C, yet growing virus under these conditions led to changes in virus infectivity. Taken together, these studies highlight that distinct nsP4 subdomains are required for proper RNA transcription and translation, having major effects on virion production.Alphaviruses encode an error-prone RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), nsP4, required for genome synthesis, yet how the RdRp functions in the complete alphavirus life cycle is not well-defined. Previous work using chikungunya virus has established the importance of the nsP4 residue cysteine 483 in replication. Given the location of residue C483 in the nsP4 palm domain, we hypothesized that other residues within this domain and surrounding subdomains would also contribute to polymerase function. To test this hypothesis, we designed a panel of nsP4 variants via homology modeling based on the coxsackievirus B3 3D polymerase. We rescued each variant in mammalian and mosquito cells and discovered that the palm domain and ring finger subdomain contribute to host-specific replication. In C6/36 cells, we found that while the nsP4 variants had replicase function similar to that of wild-type CHIKV, many variants presented changes in protein accumulation and virion production even when viral nonstructural and structural proteins were produced. Finally, we found that WT CHIKV and nsP4 variant replication and protein production could be enhanced in mammalian cells at 28°C, yet growing virus under these conditions led to changes in virus infectivity. Taken together, these studies highlight that distinct nsP4 subdomains are required for proper RNA transcription and translation, having major effects on virion production.
Author Rozen-Gagnon, Kathryn
Stapleford, Kenneth A
McCray, Nia E
Bonaventure, Boris
Peersen, Olve B
Martin, Marie-France
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Marie-France
  surname: Martin
  fullname: Martin, Marie-France
  organization: Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Boris
  surname: Bonaventure
  fullname: Bonaventure, Boris
  organization: Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Nia E
  surname: McCray
  fullname: McCray, Nia E
  organization: Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Olve B
  surname: Peersen
  fullname: Peersen, Olve B
  organization: Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Kathryn
  surname: Rozen-Gagnon
  fullname: Rozen-Gagnon, Kathryn
  organization: Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Kenneth A
  orcidid: 0009-0009-2957-1521
  surname: Stapleford
  fullname: Stapleford, Kenneth A
  organization: Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39401243$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNpNkElP5DAQha0RI5Ye_gFCPnLpxmscHxHLgNQSF-YcVRxncJPYwQtS__tJRA_iVK-q3quSvjN05IO3CF1QsqFc0etdKNHDsJkmyBtKKNWK_UCnVEq-VlyJo2_6BJ2ltCNEUE6rY3TCtSCUCX6K8p1L2XmTsXl1b8X_LX4P-MPFkvAUhv1oIySLJxhGnErbhRGcT9gEn6NrS7Y4h8UOA55iyNZ5DMaUsQyQXZgb3y3rRc77rphl-gv97GFI9vxQV-jPw_3L7eN6-_z76fZmuzZUKLbuqWqrjoE0rQQuaC0IqytQHeFWS1n1WmnRW8VrbmpZMQmgJNFaM0Z0qxhfoavPu_Pr92JTbkaXjB0G8DaU1HBKq0rJmpHZKj6tJoaUou2bKboR4r6hpFl4NwfezcK7OfCeY5eHD6UdbfcV-g-Y_wNRx4Na
Cites_doi 10.1016/0042-6822(66)90097-3
10.1038/s41467-023-41940-0
10.3390/v11080745
10.1371/journal.pone.0011479
10.1038/s41564-019-0465-y
10.1128/JVI.80.6.3108-3111.2006
10.1128/jvi.63.7.3142-3150.1989
10.1128/JVI.02078-06
10.1016/j.jmb.2011.09.045
10.1128/JVI.02447-07
10.1038/nprot.2015.053
10.1128/JVI.01574-14
10.1371/journal.pntd.0000856
10.3390/v11010046
10.1128/jvi.63.3.1194-1202.1989
10.1016/j.virol.2020.02.006
10.1083/jcb.123.1.57
10.1128/JVI.01960-13
10.1371/journal.pntd.0007563
10.1016/j.chom.2020.11.003
10.1128/mbio.02021-22
10.1074/jbc.M104248200
10.1128/JVI.01067-06
10.1128/jvi.00165-22
10.1073/pnas.92.2.507
10.1186/1743-422X-3-58
10.1128/jvi.02149-21
10.1128/JVI.01170-10
10.1128/JVI.01506-12
10.1093/icb/38.2.291
10.1128/JVI.03142-12
10.1073/pnas.1204022109
10.1128/JVI.73.5.4272-4278.1999
10.1371/journal.pntd.0000848
10.1073/pnas.1111650108
10.1603/0022-2585-39.1.221
10.1016/j.chom.2019.09.015
10.1128/JVI.00711-08
10.1371/journal.ppat.1006473
10.1128/JVI.73.4.2901-2908.1999
10.1371/journal.ppat.1006061
10.3390/v12010104
10.3390/v10030138
10.1016/0042-6822(85)90301-0
10.1128/JVI.79.10.6239-6248.2005
10.1016/j.chom.2009.03.007
10.1038/s41564-022-01164-2
10.3390/v15051113
10.1186/1743-422X-7-40
10.1128/JVI.00002-08
10.1073/pnas.1007626107
10.1371/journal.ppat.1005466
10.1128/JVI.00775-19
10.1038/s41598-017-05983-w
10.1371/journal.ppat.1009667
10.1128/jvi.00819-23
10.1007/s00442-017-3923-3
10.1093/nar/gkg520
10.1038/s41598-022-14790-x
10.1038/s41586-020-3036-8
10.1128/JVI.00838-18
10.1016/j.str.2006.07.010
10.1038/s41598-017-03316-5
10.1038/s41594-017-0019-z
10.1038/nrmicro2368
10.1371/journal.pone.0010372
10.1038/nrmicro2574
10.1128/JVI.00469-15
10.1128/JVI.02921-15
10.1093/jme/tjx088
10.1038/s41564-023-01449-0
10.2217/fmb.12.139
10.1007/s12250-019-00086-4
10.1007/s11262-018-01629-9
10.1128/mBio.02294-16
10.1093/nar/gkab1302
10.1007/BF02626177
10.1128/JVI.76.10.4773-4784.2002
10.1016/j.virusres.2019.03.015
10.1038/nprot.2010.5
10.1074/jbc.M910340199
10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00060
10.3390/tropicalmed8060301
10.1371/journal.ppat.1003877
10.1126/sciadv.add2536
10.1016/j.virol.2021.04.009
10.1128/jvi.71.10.7696-7703.1997
10.1128/jvi.62.10.3597-3602.1988
10.1128/JVI.72.12.10265-10269.1998
10.1128/JVI.03612-14
10.1016/j.virol.2009.07.024
10.1146/annurev-virology-091919-102021
10.1128/JVI.01553-15
10.1186/1743-422X-8-487
10.1074/jbc.M113.503433
10.1016/0042-6822(84)90283-6
10.1128/JVI.72.5.4320-4326.1998
10.1371/journal.ppat.1007239
10.1083/jcb.140.1.91
10.1002/prot.24602
10.1128/jvi.37.1.1-6.1981
10.1016/j.virol.2021.01.007
10.3390/v10050226
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright Copyright: © 2024 Martin et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Copyright_xml – notice: Copyright: © 2024 Martin et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
DBID NPM
AAYXX
CITATION
7X8
DOI 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011972
DatabaseName PubMed
CrossRef
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitle PubMed
CrossRef
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList PubMed
MEDLINE - Academic
CrossRef
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Biology
EISSN 1553-7374
Editor Heise, Mark T.
Editor_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Mark T.
  surname: Heise
  fullname: Heise, Mark T.
ExternalDocumentID 10_1371_journal_ppat_1011972
39401243
Genre Journal Article
GroupedDBID ---
123
29O
2WC
3V.
53G
5VS
7X7
88E
8FE
8FH
8FI
8FJ
AAFWJ
ABDBF
ABUWG
ACGFO
ACIHN
ACPRK
ADBBV
AEAQA
AENEX
AFKRA
AFPKN
AFRAH
AHMBA
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AOIJS
B0M
BAWUL
BBNVY
BCNDV
BENPR
BHPHI
BPHCQ
BVXVI
BWKFM
CCPQU
CS3
DIK
DU5
E3Z
EAP
EAS
EBD
EMK
EMOBN
ESX
F5P
FPL
FYUFA
GROUPED_DOAJ
GX1
HCIFZ
HMCUK
HYE
IAO
IHR
INH
INR
ISN
ISR
ITC
KQ8
LK8
M1P
M7P
MM.
M~E
NPM
O5R
O5S
OK1
P2P
PGMZT
PIMPY
PQQKQ
PROAC
PSQYO
PV9
QF4
QN7
RNS
RPM
RZL
SV3
TR2
TUS
UKHRP
WOW
~8M
AAYXX
CITATION
7X8
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c1472-f17b6d2a5cb5a341840286a7d03e9556f9794fe7383c85625aa7509992209b723
ISSN 1553-7374
IngestDate Tue Oct 15 21:48:09 EDT 2024
Wed Oct 16 15:33:17 EDT 2024
Fri Oct 18 09:07:21 EDT 2024
IsDoiOpenAccess false
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 10
Language English
License Copyright: © 2024 Martin et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
LinkModel OpenURL
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c1472-f17b6d2a5cb5a341840286a7d03e9556f9794fe7383c85625aa7509992209b723
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
ORCID 0009-0009-2957-1521
OpenAccessLink https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1011972
PMID 39401243
PQID 3116675820
PQPubID 23479
ParticipantIDs proquest_miscellaneous_3116675820
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_ppat_1011972
pubmed_primary_39401243
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2024-Oct-14
2024-10-14
20241014
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2024-10-14
PublicationDate_xml – month: 10
  year: 2024
  text: 2024-Oct-14
  day: 14
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace United States
PublicationPlace_xml – name: United States
PublicationTitle PLoS pathogens
PublicationTitleAlternate PLoS Pathog
PublicationYear 2024
References A Brodin (ppat.1011972.ref103) 2017; 185
P Öhlund (ppat.1011972.ref064) 2019; 55
S Wichit (ppat.1011972.ref054) 2017; 7
A Schielke (ppat.1011972.ref058) 2011; 8
S Tomar (ppat.1011972.ref016) 2006; 80
J Tang (ppat.1011972.ref098) 2011; 414
R Bellone (ppat.1011972.ref032) 2020; 11
DL Sawicki (ppat.1011972.ref038) 1985; 144
J Guo (ppat.1011972.ref048) 2022
FEM Scholte (ppat.1011972.ref062) 2015; 89
A Meyer (ppat.1011972.ref080) 2020; 12
SC Ren (ppat.1011972.ref097) 2022; 96
M Mutso (ppat.1011972.ref074) 2018; 10
V Lulla (ppat.1011972.ref035) 2008; 82
B Tesla (ppat.1011972.ref046) 2022; 96
A Thomas (ppat.1011972.ref028) 2015; 89
J Rana (ppat.1011972.ref089) 2014; 82
JC Scott (ppat.1011972.ref101) 2010; 4
S Keränen (ppat.1011972.ref034) 1974; 82
P Laakkonen (ppat.1011972.ref071) 1998; 72
B Liu (ppat.1011972.ref027) 1999; 73
SR Radoshitzky (ppat.1011972.ref070) 2016; 12
G Balistreri (ppat.1011972.ref036) 2007; 81
L Carrau (ppat.1011972.ref108) 2019; 93
EG Strauss (ppat.1011972.ref040) 1976; 74
M Vashishtha (ppat.1011972.ref052) 1998; 140
LR Feldstein (ppat.1011972.ref003) 2019; 13
DY Kim (ppat.1011972.ref088) 2013; 87
A Roy (ppat.1011972.ref104) 2010; 5
DJ Barton (ppat.1011972.ref039) 1988; 62
R Jones (ppat.1011972.ref008) 2021; 589
LL Coffey (ppat.1011972.ref102) 2013; 8
LM Kiser (ppat.1011972.ref084) 2021; 560
G Campagnola (ppat.1011972.ref023) 2015; 89
BW Burge (ppat.1011972.ref033) 1966; 30
YS Hahn (ppat.1011972.ref043) 1989; 63
V Lulla (ppat.1011972.ref086) 2013; 87
BM Kümmerer (ppat.1011972.ref092) 2002; 76
T Ahola (ppat.1011972.ref006) 1995; 92
B Fábián (ppat.1011972.ref049) 2023; 19
K Bisht (ppat.1011972.ref031) 2022; 13
JJ Fros (ppat.1011972.ref061) 2012; 86
D Chmielewski (ppat.1011972.ref083) 2022; 7
A Mendes (ppat.1011972.ref081) 2018; 10
NJ Negovetich (ppat.1011972.ref060) 2010; 84
L Vasiljeva (ppat.1011972.ref010) 2000; 275
M Kayikci (ppat.1011972.ref067) 2018; 25
S Bedi (ppat.1011972.ref029) 2019; 11
NF Gnädig (ppat.1011972.ref022) 2012; 109
P Gong (ppat.1011972.ref047) 2010; 107
EL Crockett (ppat.1011972.ref050) 1998; 38
JM Reyes-Ruiz (ppat.1011972.ref075) 2019; 266
OG Andzhaparidze (ppat.1011972.ref099) 1981; 37
SA Thannickal (ppat.1011972.ref055) 2023; 97
MCLC Freire (ppat.1011972.ref020) 2022; 12
V Stollar (ppat.1011972.ref041) 1984; 134
KJ Sokoloski (ppat.1011972.ref085) 2017; 13
CD Meshram (ppat.1011972.ref015) 2018; 92
YE Lu (ppat.1011972.ref051) 1999; 73
MG Martinez (ppat.1011972.ref024) 2016; 12
YB Tan (ppat.1011972.ref009) 2022; 50
P Yin (ppat.1011972.ref025) 2023; 8
V Kril (ppat.1011972.ref005) 2021; 8
LA Kelley (ppat.1011972.ref106) 2015; 10
M Carleton (ppat.1011972.ref042) 1997; 71
G Kuno (ppat.1011972.ref045) 1989; 25
MB Hahn (ppat.1011972.ref001) 2017; 54
AT Russo (ppat.1011972.ref011) 2006; 14
S Welsch (ppat.1011972.ref094) 2009; 5
S Aggarwal (ppat.1011972.ref079) 2010; 5
VL Carvalho (ppat.1011972.ref065) 2021; 557
R Abraham (ppat.1011972.ref014) 2018; 115
E Bernard (ppat.1011972.ref073) 2010; 5
K Gottipati (ppat.1011972.ref007) 2020; 544
KA Stapleford (ppat.1011972.ref013) 2015; 89
H Song (ppat.1011972.ref059) 2010; 7
SV Jagtap (ppat.1011972.ref066) 2023; 15
YS Hahn (ppat.1011972.ref044) 1989; 63
DE Brackney (ppat.1011972.ref100) 2010; 4
PI Gil (ppat.1011972.ref069) 2017; 7
M Ackermann (ppat.1011972.ref057) 2001; 276
YB Tan (ppat.1011972.ref019) 2022; 8
K Rozen-Gagnon (ppat.1011972.ref018) 2014; 10
Y Gao (ppat.1011972.ref063) 2019; 15
M Solignat (ppat.1011972.ref021) 2009; 393
JY Leung (ppat.1011972.ref091) 2008; 82
DJ Dohm (ppat.1011972.ref056) 2002; 39
PA Venter (ppat.1011972.ref096) 2005; 79
LB Costa (ppat.1011972.ref004) 2023; 8
LL Coffey (ppat.1011972.ref017) 2011; 108
RM Dalton (ppat.1011972.ref078) 2006; 3
EZ Poirier (ppat.1011972.ref076) 2016; 90
CG Patkar (ppat.1011972.ref093) 2008; 82
T. Schwede (ppat.1011972.ref105) 2003; 31
MP Taylor (ppat.1011972.ref026) 2011; 9
PK Das (ppat.1011972.ref012) 2014; 289
Y Zhang (ppat.1011972.ref030) 2019; 34
X Xie (ppat.1011972.ref090) 2019; 26
O Schwartz (ppat.1011972.ref002) 2010; 8
R Dibsy (ppat.1011972.ref068) 2023; 14
M Cortese (ppat.1011972.ref095) 2020; 28
P Mamidi (ppat.1011972.ref072) 2021; 17
J Jose (ppat.1011972.ref082) 2017; 8
M Vignuzzi (ppat.1011972.ref077) 2019; 4
CL White (ppat.1011972.ref087) 1998; 72
O. Peersen (ppat.1011972.ref107) 2019; 11
MT Marquardt (ppat.1011972.ref053) 1993; 123
V Lulla (ppat.1011972.ref037) 2006; 80
References_xml – volume: 30
  start-page: 214
  issue: 2
  year: 1966
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref033
  article-title: Complementation between temperature-sensitive mutants of Sindbis virus
  publication-title: Virology
  doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(66)90097-3
  contributor:
    fullname: BW Burge
– volume: 14
  start-page: 6945
  issue: 1
  year: 2023
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref068
  article-title: HIV-1 diverts cortical actin for particle assembly and release.
  publication-title: Nat Commun
  doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-41940-0
  contributor:
    fullname: R Dibsy
– volume: 11
  start-page: 745
  issue: 8
  year: 2019
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref107
  article-title: A Comprehensive Superposition of Viral Polymerase Structures
  publication-title: Viruses
  doi: 10.3390/v11080745
  contributor:
    fullname: O. Peersen
– volume: 5
  start-page: e11479
  issue: 7
  year: 2010
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref073
  article-title: Endocytosis of Chikungunya Virus into Mammalian Cells: Role of Clathrin and Early Endosomal Compartments.
  publication-title: PLOS ONE
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011479
  contributor:
    fullname: E Bernard
– volume: 4
  start-page: 1075
  issue: 7
  year: 2019
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref077
  article-title: Defective viral genomes are key drivers of the virus–host interaction.
  publication-title: Nat Microbiol
  doi: 10.1038/s41564-019-0465-y
  contributor:
    fullname: M Vignuzzi
– volume: 80
  start-page: 3108
  issue: 6
  year: 2006
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref037
  article-title: Identification of Mutations Causing Temperature-Sensitive Defects in Semliki Forest Virus RNA Synthesis
  publication-title: J Virol
  doi: 10.1128/JVI.80.6.3108-3111.2006
  contributor:
    fullname: V Lulla
– volume: 63
  start-page: 3142
  issue: 7
  year: 1989
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref043
  article-title: Mapping of RNA- temperature-sensitive mutants of Sindbis virus: assignment of complementation groups A, B, and G to nonstructural proteins
  publication-title: J Virol. juill
  doi: 10.1128/jvi.63.7.3142-3150.1989
  contributor:
    fullname: YS Hahn
– volume: 81
  start-page: 2849
  issue: 6
  year: 2007
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref036
  article-title: Enzymatic Defects of the nsP2 Proteins of Semliki Forest Virus Temperature-Sensitive Mutants
  publication-title: J Virol
  doi: 10.1128/JVI.02078-06
  contributor:
    fullname: G Balistreri
– volume: 414
  start-page: 442
  issue: 3
  year: 2011
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref098
  article-title: Molecular Links between the E2 Envelope Glycoprotein and Nucleocapsid Core in Sindbis Virus
  publication-title: J Mol Biol
  doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2011.09.045
  contributor:
    fullname: J Tang
– volume: 82
  start-page: 810
  issue: 6
  year: 1974
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref034
  article-title: Isolation and basic characterization of temperature-sensitive mutants from Semliki Forest virus; Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand [B]
  publication-title: Microbiol Immunol
  contributor:
    fullname: S Keränen
– volume: 82
  start-page: 3342
  issue: 7
  year: 2008
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref093
  article-title: Yellow Fever Virus NS3 Plays an Essential Role in Virus Assembly Independent of Its Known Enzymatic Functions.
  publication-title: J Virol. avr
  doi: 10.1128/JVI.02447-07
  contributor:
    fullname: CG Patkar
– volume: 10
  start-page: 845
  issue: 6
  year: 2015
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref106
  article-title: The Phyre2 web portal for protein modeling, prediction and analysis.
  publication-title: Nat Protoc.
  doi: 10.1038/nprot.2015.053
  contributor:
    fullname: LA Kelley
– volume: 89
  start-page: 275
  issue: 1
  year: 2015
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref023
  article-title: Structure-Function Relationships Underlying the Replication Fidelity of Viral RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerases. Kirkegaard K, éditeur
  publication-title: J Virol. janv
  doi: 10.1128/JVI.01574-14
  contributor:
    fullname: G Campagnola
– volume: 4
  start-page: e856
  issue: 10
  year: 2010
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref100
  article-title: C6/36 Aedes albopictus Cells Have a Dysfunctional Antiviral RNA Interference Response
  publication-title: PLoS Negl Trop Dis.
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000856
  contributor:
    fullname: DE Brackney
– volume: 11
  start-page: 46
  issue: 1
  year: 2019
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref029
  article-title: Friend or Foe: The Role of the Cytoskeleton in Influenza A Virus Assembly.
  publication-title: Viruses
  doi: 10.3390/v11010046
  contributor:
    fullname: S Bedi
– volume: 63
  start-page: 1194
  issue: 3
  year: 1989
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref044
  article-title: Mapping of RNA- temperature-sensitive mutants of Sindbis virus: complementation group F mutants have lesions in nsP4
  publication-title: J Virol. mars
  doi: 10.1128/jvi.63.3.1194-1202.1989
  contributor:
    fullname: YS Hahn
– volume: 544
  start-page: 31
  year: 2020
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref007
  article-title: Membrane binding and rearrangement by chikungunya virus capping enzyme nsP1.
  publication-title: Virology
  doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.02.006
  contributor:
    fullname: K Gottipati
– volume: 123
  start-page: 57
  issue: 1
  year: 1993
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref053
  article-title: Cholesterol is required in the exit pathway of Semliki Forest virus
  publication-title: J Cell Biol
  doi: 10.1083/jcb.123.1.57
  contributor:
    fullname: MT Marquardt
– volume: 11
  year: 2020
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref032
  article-title: The Role of Temperature in Shaping Mosquito-Borne Viruses Transmission.
  publication-title: Front Microbiol [Internet].
  contributor:
    fullname: R Bellone
– volume: 87
  start-page: 12003
  issue: 22
  year: 2013
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref086
  article-title: The Amino-Terminal Domain of Alphavirus Capsid Protein Is Dispensable for Viral Particle Assembly but Regulates RNA Encapsidation through Cooperative Functions of Its Subdomains
  publication-title: J Virol
  doi: 10.1128/JVI.01960-13
  contributor:
    fullname: V Lulla
– volume: 13
  start-page: e0007563
  issue: 7
  year: 2019
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref003
  article-title: Estimating the cost of illness and burden of disease associated with the 2014–2015 chikungunya outbreak in the U.S. Virgin Islands.
  publication-title: PLoS Negl Trop Dis.
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007563
  contributor:
    fullname: LR Feldstein
– volume: 28
  start-page: 853
  issue: 6
  year: 2020
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref095
  article-title: Integrative Imaging Reveals SARS-CoV-2-Induced Reshaping of Subcellular Morphologies
  publication-title: Cell Host Microbe
  doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.11.003
  contributor:
    fullname: M Cortese
– volume: 13
  start-page: e02021
  issue: 5
  year: 2022
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref031
  article-title: Decoding the Role of Temperature in RNA Virus Infections.
  publication-title: mBio
  doi: 10.1128/mbio.02021-22
  contributor:
    fullname: K Bisht
– volume: 276
  start-page: 39926
  issue: 43
  year: 2001
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref057
  article-title: De Novo Synthesis of RNA by the Dengue Virus RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase Exhibits Temperature Dependence at the Initiation but Not Elongation Phase*
  publication-title: J Biol Chem
  doi: 10.1074/jbc.M104248200
  contributor:
    fullname: M Ackermann
– volume: 80
  start-page: 9962
  issue: 20
  year: 2006
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref016
  article-title: Catalytic Core of Alphavirus Nonstructural Protein nsP4 Possesses Terminal Adenylyltransferase Activity
  publication-title: J Virol
  doi: 10.1128/JVI.01067-06
  contributor:
    fullname: S Tomar
– volume: 96
  start-page: e00165
  issue: 10
  year: 2022
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref046
  article-title: Temperate Conditions Limit Zika Virus Genome Replication
  publication-title: J Virol
  doi: 10.1128/jvi.00165-22
  contributor:
    fullname: B Tesla
– volume: 92
  start-page: 507
  issue: 2
  year: 1995
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref006
  article-title: Reaction in alphavirus mRNA capping: formation of a covalent complex of nonstructural protein nsP1 with 7-methyl-GMP
  publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.92.2.507
  contributor:
    fullname: T Ahola
– start-page: 2021.09.29.462334
  volume-title: Enhancement of Chikungunya virus genome replication in mammalian cells at sub-physiological temperatures [Internet].
  year: 2022
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref048
  contributor:
    fullname: J Guo
– volume: 3
  start-page: 58
  issue: 1
  year: 2006
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref078
  article-title: Temperature sensitive influenza A virus genome replication results from low thermal stability of polymerase-cRNA complexes
  publication-title: Virol J
  doi: 10.1186/1743-422X-3-58
  contributor:
    fullname: RM Dalton
– volume: 96
  start-page: e0214921
  issue: 5
  year: 2022
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref097
  article-title: Mutations at the Alphavirus E1’-E2 Interdimer Interface Have Host-Specific Phenotypes
  publication-title: J Virol
  doi: 10.1128/jvi.02149-21
  contributor:
    fullname: SC Ren
– volume: 84
  start-page: 9369
  issue: 18
  year: 2010
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref060
  article-title: Thermostability of Subpopulations of H2N3 Influenza Virus Isolates from Mallard Ducks.
  publication-title: J Virol
  doi: 10.1128/JVI.01170-10
  contributor:
    fullname: NJ Negovetich
– volume: 86
  start-page: 10873
  issue: 19
  year: 2012
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref061
  article-title: Chikungunya Virus nsP3 Blocks Stress Granule Assembly by Recruitment of G3BP into Cytoplasmic Foci.
  publication-title: J Virol
  doi: 10.1128/JVI.01506-12
  contributor:
    fullname: JJ Fros
– volume: 38
  start-page: 291
  issue: 2
  year: 1998
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref050
  article-title: Cholesterol Function in Plasma Membranes from Ectotherms: Membrane-Specific Roles in Adaptation to Temperature.
  publication-title: Am Zool
  doi: 10.1093/icb/38.2.291
  contributor:
    fullname: EL Crockett
– volume: 115
  issue: 44
  year: 2018
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref014
  article-title: ADP-ribosyl–binding and hydrolase activities of the alphavirus nsP3 macrodomain are critical for initiation of virus replication
  publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci [Internet].
  contributor:
    fullname: R Abraham
– volume: 87
  start-page: 4202
  issue: 8
  year: 2013
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref088
  article-title: Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus nsP2 Protein Regulates Packaging of the Viral Genome into Infectious Virions
  publication-title: J Virol
  doi: 10.1128/JVI.03142-12
  contributor:
    fullname: DY Kim
– volume: 109
  start-page: E2294
  issue: 34
  year: 2012
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref022
  article-title: Coxsackievirus B3 mutator strains are attenuated in vivo
  publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.1204022109
  contributor:
    fullname: NF Gnädig
– volume: 73
  start-page: 4272
  issue: 5
  year: 1999
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref051
  article-title: The Cholesterol Requirement for Sindbis Virus Entry and Exit and Characterization of a Spike Protein Region Involved in Cholesterol Dependence.
  publication-title: J Virol. mai
  doi: 10.1128/JVI.73.5.4272-4278.1999
  contributor:
    fullname: YE Lu
– volume: 4
  start-page: e848
  issue: 10
  year: 2010
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref101
  article-title: Comparison of Dengue Virus Type 2-Specific Small RNAs from RNA Interference-Competent and–Incompetent Mosquito Cells
  publication-title: PLoS Negl Trop Dis.
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000848
  contributor:
    fullname: JC Scott
– volume: 108
  start-page: 16038
  issue: 38
  year: 2011
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref017
  article-title: Arbovirus high fidelity variant loses fitness in mosquitoes and mice
  publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.1111650108
  contributor:
    fullname: LL Coffey
– volume: 39
  start-page: 221
  issue: 1
  year: 2002
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref056
  article-title: Effect of Environmental Temperature on the Ability of Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) to Transmit West Nile Virus.
  publication-title: J Med Entomol
  doi: 10.1603/0022-2585-39.1.221
  contributor:
    fullname: DJ Dohm
– volume: 26
  start-page: 606
  issue: 5
  year: 2019
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref090
  article-title: Dengue NS2A Protein Orchestrates Virus Assembly
  publication-title: Cell Host Microbe
  doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2019.09.015
  contributor:
    fullname: X Xie
– volume: 82
  start-page: 9236
  issue: 18
  year: 2008
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref035
  article-title: Molecular Defects Caused by Temperature-Sensitive Mutations in Semliki Forest Virus nsP1
  publication-title: J Virol
  doi: 10.1128/JVI.00711-08
  contributor:
    fullname: V Lulla
– volume: 13
  start-page: e1006473
  issue: 6
  year: 2017
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref085
  article-title: Identification of Interactions between Sindbis Virus Capsid Protein and Cytoplasmic vRNA as Novel Virulence Determinants.
  publication-title: PLOS Pathog
  doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006473
  contributor:
    fullname: KJ Sokoloski
– volume: 73
  start-page: 2901
  issue: 4
  year: 1999
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref027
  article-title: Interaction of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Nucleocapsid with Actin.
  publication-title: J Virol
  doi: 10.1128/JVI.73.4.2901-2908.1999
  contributor:
    fullname: B Liu
– volume: 12
  start-page: e1006061
  issue: 12
  year: 2016
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref024
  article-title: Intercellular Extensions Are Induced by the Alphavirus Structural Proteins and Mediate Virus Transmission
  publication-title: PLOS Pathog.
  doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006061
  contributor:
    fullname: MG Martinez
– volume: 12
  start-page: 104
  issue: 1
  year: 2020
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref080
  article-title: An RNA Thermometer Activity of the West Nile Virus Genomic 3′-Terminal Stem-Loop Element Modulates Viral Replication Efficiency during Host Switching.
  publication-title: Viruses
  doi: 10.3390/v12010104
  contributor:
    fullname: A Meyer
– volume: 10
  start-page: 138
  issue: 3
  year: 2018
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref081
  article-title: Alphavirus Nucleocapsid Packaging and Assembly
  publication-title: Viruses
  doi: 10.3390/v10030138
  contributor:
    fullname: A Mendes
– volume: 144
  start-page: 20
  issue: 1
  year: 1985
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref038
  article-title: Functional analysis of the A complementation group mutants of Sindbis HR virus
  publication-title: Virology
  doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(85)90301-0
  contributor:
    fullname: DL Sawicki
– volume: 79
  start-page: 6239
  issue: 10
  year: 2005
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref096
  article-title: Capsid Protein Synthesis from Replicating RNA Directs Specific Packaging of the Genome of a Multipartite, Positive-Strand RNA Virus.
  publication-title: J Virol
  doi: 10.1128/JVI.79.10.6239-6248.2005
  contributor:
    fullname: PA Venter
– volume: 5
  start-page: 365
  issue: 4
  year: 2009
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref094
  article-title: Composition and Three-Dimensional Architecture of the Dengue Virus Replication and Assembly Sites
  publication-title: Cell Host Microbe
  doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2009.03.007
  contributor:
    fullname: S Welsch
– volume: 7
  start-page: 1270
  issue: 8
  year: 2022
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref083
  article-title: Chikungunya virus assembly and budding visualized in situ using cryogenic electron tomography.
  publication-title: Nat Microbiol. août
  doi: 10.1038/s41564-022-01164-2
  contributor:
    fullname: D Chmielewski
– volume: 15
  start-page: 1113
  issue: 5
  year: 2023
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref066
  article-title: Agua Salud Alphavirus Infection, Dissemination and Transmission in Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes.
  publication-title: Viruses
  doi: 10.3390/v15051113
  contributor:
    fullname: SV Jagtap
– volume: 7
  start-page: 40
  issue: 1
  year: 2010
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref059
  article-title: Thermal stability and inactivation of hepatitis C virus grown in cell culture
  publication-title: Virol J
  doi: 10.1186/1743-422X-7-40
  contributor:
    fullname: H Song
– volume: 82
  start-page: 4731
  issue: 10
  year: 2008
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref091
  article-title: Role of Nonstructural Protein NS2A in Flavivirus Assembly.
  publication-title: J Virol. mai
  doi: 10.1128/JVI.00002-08
  contributor:
    fullname: JY Leung
– volume: 107
  start-page: 22505
  issue: 52
  year: 2010
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref047
  article-title: Structural basis for active site closure by the poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
  publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.1007626107
  contributor:
    fullname: P Gong
– volume: 12
  start-page: e1005466
  issue: 3
  year: 2016
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref070
  article-title: siRNA Screen Identifies Trafficking Host Factors that Modulate Alphavirus Infection
  publication-title: PLOS Pathog. 31 mars
  doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005466
  contributor:
    fullname: SR Radoshitzky
– volume: 93
  start-page: e00775
  issue: 18
  year: 2019
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref108
  article-title: Chikungunya Virus Vaccine Candidates with Decreased Mutational Robustness Are Attenuated In Vivo and Have Compromised Transmissibility
  publication-title: J Virol
  doi: 10.1128/JVI.00775-19
  contributor:
    fullname: L Carrau
– volume: 7
  start-page: 5757
  issue: 1
  year: 2017
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref069
  article-title: Pixuna virus modifies host cell cytoskeleton to secure infection
  publication-title: Sci Rep
  doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-05983-w
  contributor:
    fullname: PI Gil
– volume: 17
  start-page: e1009667
  issue: 11
  year: 2021
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref072
  article-title: MK2a inhibitor CMPD1 abrogates chikungunya virus infection by modulating actin remodeling pathway.
  publication-title: PLOS Pathog
  doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009667
  contributor:
    fullname: P Mamidi
– volume: 97
  start-page: e00819
  issue: 8
  year: 2023
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref055
  article-title: The La Crosse virus class II fusion glycoprotein ij loop contributes to infectivity and replication in vitro and in vivo
  publication-title: J Virol
  doi: 10.1128/jvi.00819-23
  contributor:
    fullname: SA Thannickal
– volume: 185
  start-page: 43
  issue: 1
  year: 2017
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref103
  article-title: Adaptive temperature regulation in the little bird in winter: predictions from a stochastic dynamic programming model
  publication-title: Oecologia
  doi: 10.1007/s00442-017-3923-3
  contributor:
    fullname: A Brodin
– volume: 31
  start-page: 3381
  issue: 13
  year: 2003
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref105
  article-title: SWISS-MODEL: an automated protein homology-modeling server
  publication-title: Nucleic Acids Res
  doi: 10.1093/nar/gkg520
  contributor:
    fullname: T. Schwede
– volume: 12
  start-page: 10601
  issue: 1
  year: 2022
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref020
  article-title: Characterization of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from Chikungunya virus and discovery of a novel ligand as a potential drug candidate
  publication-title: Sci Rep
  doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-14790-x
  contributor:
    fullname: MCLC Freire
– volume: 589
  start-page: 615
  issue: 7843
  year: 2021
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref008
  article-title: Capping pores of alphavirus nsP1 gate membranous viral replication factories
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-3036-8
  contributor:
    fullname: R Jones
– volume: 92
  start-page: e00838
  issue: 16
  year: 2018
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref015
  article-title: Multiple Host Factors Interact with the Hypervariable Domain of Chikungunya Virus nsP3 and Determine Viral Replication in Cell-Specific Mode. López S, éditeur
  publication-title: J Virol
  doi: 10.1128/JVI.00838-18
  contributor:
    fullname: CD Meshram
– volume: 14
  start-page: 1449
  issue: 9
  year: 2006
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref011
  article-title: The Crystal Structure of the Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Alphavirus nsP2 Protease.
  publication-title: Structure
  doi: 10.1016/j.str.2006.07.010
  contributor:
    fullname: AT Russo
– volume: 7
  start-page: 3145
  issue: 1
  year: 2017
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref054
  article-title: Imipramine Inhibits Chikungunya Virus Replication in Human Skin Fibroblasts through Interference with Intracellular Cholesterol Trafficking.
  publication-title: Sci Rep.
  doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-03316-5
  contributor:
    fullname: S Wichit
– volume: 25
  start-page: 185
  issue: 2
  year: 2018
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref067
  article-title: Visualization and analysis of non-covalent contacts using the Protein Contacts Atlas
  publication-title: Nat Struct Mol Biol
  doi: 10.1038/s41594-017-0019-z
  contributor:
    fullname: M Kayikci
– volume: 8
  start-page: 491
  issue: 7
  year: 2010
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref002
  article-title: Biology and pathogenesis of chikungunya virus
  publication-title: Nat Rev Microbiol
  doi: 10.1038/nrmicro2368
  contributor:
    fullname: O Schwartz
– volume: 5
  start-page: e10372
  issue: 4
  year: 2010
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref079
  article-title: Biochemical Characterization of Enzyme Fidelity of Influenza A Virus RNA Polymerase Complex.
  publication-title: PLOS ONE
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010372
  contributor:
    fullname: S Aggarwal
– volume: 9
  start-page: 427
  issue: 6
  year: 2011
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref026
  article-title: Subversion of the actin cytoskeleton during viral infection
  publication-title: Nat Rev Microbiol
  doi: 10.1038/nrmicro2574
  contributor:
    fullname: MP Taylor
– volume: 89
  start-page: 8162
  issue: 16
  year: 2015
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref028
  article-title: Involvement of the Rac1-IRSp53-Wave2-Arp2/3 Signaling Pathway in HIV-1 Gag Particle Release in CD4
  publication-title: T Cells. J Virol
  doi: 10.1128/JVI.00469-15
  contributor:
    fullname: A Thomas
– volume: 90
  start-page: 2446
  issue: 5
  year: 2016
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref076
  article-title: Low-Fidelity Polymerases of Alphaviruses Recombine at Higher Rates To Overproduce Defective Interfering Particles
  publication-title: J Virol
  doi: 10.1128/JVI.02921-15
  contributor:
    fullname: EZ Poirier
– volume: 54
  start-page: 1420
  issue: 5
  year: 2017
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref001
  article-title: Updated Reported Distribution of Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti and Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in the United States, 1995–2016.
  publication-title: J Med Entomol
  doi: 10.1093/jme/tjx088
  contributor:
    fullname: MB Hahn
– volume: 8
  start-page: 1653
  issue: 9
  year: 2023
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref025
  article-title: Chikungunya virus cell-to-cell transmission is mediated by intercellular extensions in vitro and in vivo
  publication-title: Nat Microbiol. sept
  doi: 10.1038/s41564-023-01449-0
  contributor:
    fullname: P Yin
– volume: 8
  start-page: 155
  issue: 2
  year: 2013
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref102
  article-title: Factors shaping the adaptive landscape for arboviruses: implications for the emergence of disease.
  publication-title: Future Microbiol
  doi: 10.2217/fmb.12.139
  contributor:
    fullname: LL Coffey
– volume: 34
  start-page: 30
  issue: 1
  year: 2019
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref030
  article-title: The Role of Host Cytoskeleton in Flavivirus Infection.
  publication-title: Virol Sin
  doi: 10.1007/s12250-019-00086-4
  contributor:
    fullname: Y Zhang
– volume: 55
  start-page: 127
  issue: 2
  year: 2019
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref064
  article-title: Insect-specific virus evolution and potential effects on vector competence
  publication-title: Virus Genes
  doi: 10.1007/s11262-018-01629-9
  contributor:
    fullname: P Öhlund
– volume: 8
  issue: 1
  year: 2017
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref082
  article-title: Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Alphavirus Replication and Assembly in Mammalian and Mosquito Cells.
  publication-title: mBio
  doi: 10.1128/mBio.02294-16
  contributor:
    fullname: J Jose
– volume: 50
  start-page: 1000
  issue: 2
  year: 2022
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref009
  article-title: Crystal structures of alphavirus nonstructural protein 4 (nsP4) reveal an intrinsically dynamic RNA-dependent RNA polymerase fold.
  publication-title: Nucleic Acids Res
  doi: 10.1093/nar/gkab1302
  contributor:
    fullname: YB Tan
– volume: 25
  start-page: 193
  issue: 2
  year: 1989
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref045
  article-title: Maintaining mosquito cell lines at high tempetatures: Effects on the replication of flaviviruses
  publication-title: In Vitro Cell Dev Biol
  doi: 10.1007/BF02626177
  contributor:
    fullname: G Kuno
– volume: 76
  start-page: 4773
  issue: 10
  year: 2002
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref092
  article-title: Mutations in the yellow fever virus nonstructural protein NS2A selectively block production of infectious particles
  publication-title: J Virol
  doi: 10.1128/JVI.76.10.4773-4784.2002
  contributor:
    fullname: BM Kümmerer
– volume: 266
  start-page: 1
  year: 2019
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref075
  article-title: Isolation and characterization of exosomes released from mosquito cells infected with dengue virus
  publication-title: Virus Res
  doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.03.015
  contributor:
    fullname: JM Reyes-Ruiz
– volume: 5
  start-page: 725
  issue: 4
  year: 2010
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref104
  article-title: I-TASSER: a unified platform for automated protein structure and function prediction.
  publication-title: Nat Protoc.
  doi: 10.1038/nprot.2010.5
  contributor:
    fullname: A Roy
– volume: 275
  start-page: 17281
  issue: 23
  year: 2000
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref010
  article-title: Identification of a Novel Function of the AlphavirusCapping Apparatus
  publication-title: J Biol Chem
  doi: 10.1074/jbc.M910340199
  contributor:
    fullname: L Vasiljeva
– volume: 19
  start-page: 2630
  issue: 9
  year: 2023
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref049
  article-title: Protein Crowding and Cholesterol Increase Cell Membrane Viscosity in a Temperature Dependent Manner.
  publication-title: J Chem Theory Comput
  doi: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00060
  contributor:
    fullname: B Fábián
– volume: 8
  start-page: 301
  issue: 6
  year: 2023
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref004
  article-title: Epidemiology and Economic Burden of Chikungunya: A Systematic Literature Review
  publication-title: Trop Med Infect Dis
  doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed8060301
  contributor:
    fullname: LB Costa
– volume: 74
  start-page: 154
  issue: 1
  year: 1976
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref040
  article-title: Mutants of sindbis virus. I. Isolation and partial characterization of 89 new temperature-sensitive mutants
  publication-title: Virology
  contributor:
    fullname: EG Strauss
– volume: 10
  start-page: e1003877
  issue: 1
  year: 2014
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref018
  article-title: Alphavirus Mutator Variants Present Host-Specific Defects and Attenuation in Mammalian and Insect Models.
  publication-title: PLoS Pathog.
  doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003877
  contributor:
    fullname: K Rozen-Gagnon
– volume: 8
  start-page: eadd2536
  issue: 48
  year: 2022
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref019
  article-title: Molecular architecture of the Chikungunya virus replication complex.
  publication-title: Sci Adv
  doi: 10.1126/sciadv.add2536
  contributor:
    fullname: YB Tan
– volume: 560
  start-page: 34
  year: 2021
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref084
  article-title: Interactions between capsid and viral RNA regulate Chikungunya virus translation in a host-specific manner
  publication-title: Virology
  doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2021.04.009
  contributor:
    fullname: LM Kiser
– volume: 71
  start-page: 7696
  issue: 10
  year: 1997
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref042
  article-title: The formation of intramolecular disulfide bridges is required for induction of the Sindbis virus mutant ts23 phenotype
  publication-title: J Virol. oct
  doi: 10.1128/jvi.71.10.7696-7703.1997
  contributor:
    fullname: M Carleton
– volume: 62
  start-page: 3597
  issue: 10
  year: 1988
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref039
  article-title: Demonstration in vitro of temperature-sensitive elongation of RNA in Sindbis virus mutant ts6
  publication-title: J Virol. oct
  doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.10.3597-3602.1988
  contributor:
    fullname: DJ Barton
– volume: 72
  start-page: 10265
  issue: 12
  year: 1998
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref071
  article-title: Alphavirus replicase protein NSP1 induces filopodia and rearrangement of actin filaments
  publication-title: J Virol
  doi: 10.1128/JVI.72.12.10265-10269.1998
  contributor:
    fullname: P Laakkonen
– volume: 89
  start-page: 4457
  issue: 8
  year: 2015
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref062
  article-title: Stress Granule Components G3BP1 and G3BP2 Play a Proviral Role Early in Chikungunya Virus Replication
  publication-title: J Virol
  doi: 10.1128/JVI.03612-14
  contributor:
    fullname: FEM Scholte
– volume: 393
  start-page: 183
  issue: 2
  year: 2009
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref021
  article-title: Replication cycle of chikungunya: A re-emerging arbovirus
  publication-title: Virology
  doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2009.07.024
  contributor:
    fullname: M Solignat
– volume: 8
  start-page: 327
  issue: 1
  year: 2021
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref005
  article-title: New Insights into Chikungunya Virus Infection and Pathogenesis.
  publication-title: Annu Rev Virol
  doi: 10.1146/annurev-virology-091919-102021
  contributor:
    fullname: V Kril
– volume: 89
  start-page: 11233
  issue: 22
  year: 2015
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref013
  article-title: Viral Polymerase-Helicase Complexes Regulate Replication Fidelity To Overcome Intracellular Nucleotide Depletion
  publication-title: J Virol
  doi: 10.1128/JVI.01553-15
  contributor:
    fullname: KA Stapleford
– volume: 8
  start-page: 487
  issue: 1
  year: 2011
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref058
  article-title: Thermal stability of hepatitis E virus assessed by a molecular biological approach.
  publication-title: Virol J
  doi: 10.1186/1743-422X-8-487
  contributor:
    fullname: A Schielke
– volume: 289
  start-page: 5635
  issue: 9
  year: 2014
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref012
  article-title: Functional Cross-talk between Distant Domains of Chikungunya Virus Non-structural Protein 2 Is Decisive for Its RNA-modulating Activity*
  publication-title: J Biol Chem
  doi: 10.1074/jbc.M113.503433
  contributor:
    fullname: PK Das
– volume: 134
  start-page: 177
  issue: 1
  year: 1984
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref041
  article-title: Host-dependent mutants of Sindbis virus whose growth is restricted in cultured Aedes albopictus cells produce normal yields of virus in intact mosquitoes
  publication-title: Virology
  doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(84)90283-6
  contributor:
    fullname: V Stollar
– volume: 72
  start-page: 4320
  issue: 5
  year: 1998
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref087
  article-title: Deletion Analysis of a Defective Interfering Semliki Forest Virus RNA Genome Defines a Region in the nsP2 Sequence That Is Required for Efficient Packaging of the Genome into Virus Particles.
  publication-title: J Virol
  doi: 10.1128/JVI.72.5.4320-4326.1998
  contributor:
    fullname: CL White
– volume: 15
  start-page: e1007239
  issue: 1
  year: 2019
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref063
  article-title: Multiple roles of the non-structural protein 3 (nsP3) alphavirus unique domain (AUD) during Chikungunya virus genome replication and transcription.
  publication-title: PLOS Pathog
  doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007239
  contributor:
    fullname: Y Gao
– volume: 140
  start-page: 91
  issue: 1
  year: 1998
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref052
  article-title: A Single Point Mutation Controls the Cholesterol Dependence of Semliki Forest Virus Entry and Exit
  publication-title: J Cell Biol
  doi: 10.1083/jcb.140.1.91
  contributor:
    fullname: M Vashishtha
– volume: 82
  start-page: 2403
  issue: 10
  year: 2014
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref089
  article-title: Network mapping among the functional domains of Chikungunya virus nonstructural proteins
  publication-title: Proteins Struct Funct Bioinforma
  doi: 10.1002/prot.24602
  contributor:
    fullname: J Rana
– volume: 37
  start-page: 1
  issue: 1
  year: 1981
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref099
  article-title: Comparative study of rabies virus persistence in human and hamster cell lines
  publication-title: J Virol. janv
  doi: 10.1128/jvi.37.1.1-6.1981
  contributor:
    fullname: OG Andzhaparidze
– volume: 557
  start-page: 34
  year: 2021
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref065
  article-title: Insect-Specific Viruses: An overview and their relationship to arboviruses of concern to humans and animals
  publication-title: Virology
  doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2021.01.007
  contributor:
    fullname: VL Carvalho
– volume: 10
  start-page: 226
  issue: 5
  year: 2018
  ident: ppat.1011972.ref074
  article-title: Mutation of CD2AP and SH3KBP1 Binding Motif in Alphavirus nsP3 Hypervariable Domain Results in Attenuated Virus.
  publication-title: Viruses
  doi: 10.3390/v10050226
  contributor:
    fullname: M Mutso
SSID ssj0041316
Score 2.4974678
Snippet Alphaviruses encode an error-prone RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), nsP4, required for genome synthesis, yet how the RdRp functions in the complete...
SourceID proquest
crossref
pubmed
SourceType Aggregation Database
Index Database
StartPage e1011972
Title Distinct chikungunya virus polymerase palm subdomains contribute to viral protein accumulation and virion production
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39401243
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3116675820
Volume 20
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1Li9swEBbZLIVeSt9NH0GF3oJT25It-9jdZllKNhvaLORmJEemoYkdEjuQ_vqOHo69kMK2F2Pk-JGZT6NvJM0MQp-yYBGDcQTvhBDuAL_lTpR5xIm4GwoqGQ2oCk6-mYTXd_TbPJh3Ou1dS1Uphunvk3El_6NVaAO9qijZf9Ds8aHQAOegXziChuH4IB1_VR00T0sVkv0Lem2VH_hgv9xWO1V84aDmm3ZysOGr9WBXiUWx5mpDjN6drspc6aoZapPvaqDTNSzzAU_Tam0reul1BbisTjcmMWytRMtmp-Pih8rM-rOATzyS8yYzwY1yxB1du6NZvAfqv9cjnZ5KvSi2y-bO9HLLjdFf8iZGYiqBoxrzeLvaS1so2k5V-FTZeBMiWlvXgDiMmLI8Q3mizZpk321Dz20ZWOmZSmknrT9h2vobBQ038P-HrZ_fT7Y9uU2u7sbjZDaaz87Quc_iIOii84vRZPq9HsphgNe1c4_faGMv4T2fT73lPrf5i8OiicvsKXpiPQ78xcDnGerI_Dl6ZGqQHl6gsgYRboEIaxDhBkRYgQg3IMINiHBZYA0ibEGE2yDCACJsQIQbEL1Ed1ej2eW1Y0txOKlHme9kHhPhwudBKgKu-jYFXhpytnCJBMGFWQx2PZOMRCSNlE_NuaKiKumxGwvmk1eomxe5fINwHAsZCM-lqaSUB66QUSq8jFFKWCRl1ENOLcRkYzKuJHrZlYGnakSWKKEnVug99LGWdAKmUa138VwW1S4hnhcqf9h3e-i1UcHxiSSmQM0oefuAu9-hxw2a36Nuua3kB6CipeijMzZnfQubvp7Q-QNilZPX
link.rule.ids 315,786,790,870,27955,27956,31753,33778
linkProvider ProQuest
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Distinct+chikungunya+virus+polymerase+palm+subdomains+contribute+to+viral+protein+accumulation+and+virion+production&rft.jtitle=PLoS+pathogens&rft.au=Martin%2C+Marie-France&rft.au=Bonaventure%2C+Boris&rft.au=McCray%2C+Nia+E&rft.au=Peersen%2C+Olve+B&rft.date=2024-10-14&rft.issn=1553-7374&rft.eissn=1553-7374&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=e1011972&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371%2Fjournal.ppat.1011972&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1553-7374&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1553-7374&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1553-7374&client=summon