Cigarette Smoking and Heated Tobacco effects on Dental Tissues

• Published in: International dental journal Vol. 74; p. S16
• Main Authors: Ankily, Mahmoud Al, Makkeyah, Fatma, Bakr, Mahmoud M., Shamel, Mohamed
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Inc 01.10.2024
• ISSN: 0020-6539
• DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2024.07.618

According to tobacco companies, a less harmful substitute for cigarette smoking (CS) is heated tobacco (HT) products. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of CS and HT on color and ultrastructure of enamel and cementum. Thirty intact premolars were used in the study separated into six groups (n = 10), group 1: enamel without smoking exposure, group 2: enamel exposed to CS, group 3: enamel exposed to HT, group 4: cementum without smoking exposure, group 5: cementum with CS exposure, and group 6: cementum with HT exposure. The color change was conducted using a spectrophotometer. The surface alterations and mineral composition of enamel and cementum were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. ANOVA test and post hoc t-test were used to determine significant differences between groups. Results showed that CS had a more pronounced effect on enamel and cementum color changes than HT. The impact of CS and HT on color changes was more evident in cementum than in enamel. Surface morphology showed alterations in histology following exposure to both smoking types. The mineral content experienced a significant reduction after using CS and HT. The reduction in calcium content after CS and HT exposure was similar. However, HT led to a significant decrease in the phosphorus content of enamel when compared to CS. CS exposure in cementum resulted in a more reduction in Ca/P ratio than HT. While HT may appear to present a lower danger to dental tissues than CS, it is not entirely harmless.