Miniaturized Fractal Antenna Design for 6-GHz 5G Advanced Communications

In this article, a miniaturized, low-profile fractal antenna is designed and prototyped for 6-GHz n104 band 5G advanced communications. Antenna miniaturization is achieved here by considering the random Sierpinski fractal concept and optimizing the structure with the genetic algorithm. Initially, th...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inAdvanced electromagnetics Vol. 14; no. 3; pp. 1 - 8
Main Authors Patnaik, P. K., Murali, M., Mohanta, H. C., Panda, D. C.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Advanced Electromagnetics 28.08.2025
Subjects
Advanced 5G Communication
Antenna Miniaturization
n104 Band
Optimization
Sierpinski Fractal
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN2119-0275
2119-0275
DOI10.7716/aem.v14i3.2482

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Summary:In this article, a miniaturized, low-profile fractal antenna is designed and prototyped for 6-GHz n104 band 5G advanced communications. Antenna miniaturization is achieved here by considering the random Sierpinski fractal concept and optimizing the structure with the genetic algorithm. Initially, the proposed antenna is designed and optimized using Ansys HFSS. Subsequently, the performance of the antenna is also tested for different atmospheric conditions in MATLAB real-time simulation environment for advanced 5G applications in the presence of foliage and rain. The proposed antenna resonates at 6.5 GHz with an impedance bandwidth of 380 MHz and a gain of 5.21 dBi. The antenna has a low size of 0.39 λ0 x 0.30 λ0 with a size reduction of 76% compared to its conventional design, where λ0 is the free space wavelength. The proposed low-profile antenna with balanced performance characteristics is found to be a suitable candidate for n104 band 5G advanced communications.
ISSN:2119-0275
2119-0275
DOI:10.7716/aem.v14i3.2482