Alpha-Pinene As a Novel Therapeutic Agent for T-Cell Tumors

• Published in: Blood Vol. 142; no. Supplement 1; p. 1441
• Main Authors: Abe, Masaya, Asada, Noboru, Kimura, Maiko, Fukui, Chie, Yamada, Daisuke, Wang, Ziyi, Miyake, Masayuki, Takarada, Takeshi, Ono, Mitsuaki, Aoe, Michinori, Kitamura, Wataru, Matsuda, Masayuki, Moriyama, Takashi, Matsumura, Akifumi, Maeda, Yoshinobu
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Inc 02.11.2023
• ISSN: 0006-4971; 1528-0020
• DOI: 10.1182/blood-2023-181447

T-cell acute leukemia and lymphoma have poor prognoses, necessitating the development of novel therapeutic agents. In this study, we investigated the antitumor activity of α-pinene, a monoterpene compound, against T-cell tumors. We evaluated the effects of α-pinene on cell growth inhibition in vitro using the murine T-cell tumor cell line EL-4 and the human-derived T-cell tumor cell line Molt-4. In addition, we assessed the effects of limonene, another monoterpene with reported tumor-suppressive effects, as a comparative agent. Both α-pinene and limonene demonstrated concentration- and time-dependent inhibition of cell growth in both the EL-4 and Molt-4 cell lines (Figure 1). Moreover, α-pinene exhibited greater potency than limonene in inhibiting the growth of various hematologic malignancies. Importantly, α-pinene and limonene had minimal effects on the growth of normal murine spleen T cells. Further investigation of the mechanisms of action of α-pinene revealed its ability to induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in EL-4 and Molt-4 cells. Transcriptomic profiling of α-pinene-treated EL-4 cells using RNA-seq identified differentially expressed genes associated with cellular damage and mitochondrial dysfunction. Increased intracellular ROS levels and mitochondrial impairment were observed in the T-cell tumors treated with α-pinene. The activation of intrinsic apoptotic pathways involving EGR1, p53, BCL-2, and BAX was found to contribute to α-pinene-induced apoptosis in T-cell tumors. Moreover, α-pinene inhibited the NF-κB signaling pathway, resulting in the reduced nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 and decreased total intracellular NF-κB p65 levels in EL-4 cells. Additionally, we discovered that α-pinene induced ferroptosis, a newly identified programmed cell death process, in EL-4 cells through lipid peroxidation and iron accumulation. Activation of the system x c−/GSH/GPX4 axis and upregulation of iron transporters, such as Slc39a8 and TfR1, were observed in α-pinene-induced ferroptosis. Treatment with the ferroptosis inhibitor Fer-1 partially reversed the tumor-inhibiting effect of α-pinene in EL-4 cells. Finally, we administrated α-pinene to mice subcutaneously injected with luciferase-expressing EL-4 to evaluate the efficacy of α-pinene in vivo. The tumor growth was significantly inhibited by α-pinene treatment (vehicle: 1055 ± 101 mm 3; α-pinene: 701 ± 82 mm 3, p < 0.01, Figure 2) without adverse effects on body weight or behavior. Immunohistochemistry analyses revealed a significant increase of CD8 + T-cells (vehicle: 8.1 ± 2.7 cells / field of view; α-pinene: 43.1 ± 12.2 cells / field of view , p < 0.05) and NK1.1 + cells (vehicle: 5.1 ± 1.0 cells / field of view ; α-pinene: 41.1 ± 9.8 cells / field of view , p < 0.01) in the tumors, suggesting that α-pinene may have an indirect antitumor effect by recruiting immune cells into tumors. Overall, our findings demonstrate the antitumor activity of α-pinene against T-cell tumors through the induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and ferroptosis. α-Pinene shows promise as a potential therapeutic agent for T-cell tumors and warrants further investigation for its clinical application. Asada:Astellas: Speakers Bureau; Kyowa Kirin: Speakers Bureau; Abbvie: Speakers Bureau; Asahi KASEI Co., Ltd.: Speakers Bureau; Meiji Seika Phama Co. Ltd.: Speakers Bureau; Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd: Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau. Maeda:Eisai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.: Honoraria; AstraZeneca: Research Funding; Astellas: Honoraria, Research Funding; Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.: Honoraria, Research Funding; Otsuka Pharmaceutical: Honoraria; Novartis Pharma: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Nippon Shinyaku Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.: Honoraria, Research Funding; Kyowa Kirin: Honoraria; Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd: Honoraria. [Display omitted]