Measurement and Analysis of Frequency-Domain Volterra Kernels of Nonlinear Dynamic 3 \times 3 MIMO Systems

• Published in: IEEE transactions on instrumentation and measurement Vol. 66; no. 7; pp. 1893 - 1905
• Main Authors: Alizadeh, Mahmoud, Amin, Shoaib, Ronnow, Daniel
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York IEEE 01.07.2017; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Amplifier distortion; concurrent dual-band; cross modulation; digital predistortion; Dynamical systems; Frequency analysis; Frequency domain analysis; Indexes; intermodulation; Kernel; Kernels; MIMO; MIMO (control systems); multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO); Nonlinear dynamical systems; Nonlinear dynamics; power amplifier; Radio signals; Radio transmitters
• ISSN: 0018-9456; 1557-9662
• DOI: 10.1109/TIM.2017.2664482

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) frequency-domain Volterra kernels of nonlinear order 3 are experimentally determined in bandwidth-limited frequency regions. How the effect of higher nonlinear orders can be reduced and how this affects the estimated errors are discussed. The magnitude and the phase of the kernels are Kramers-Kronig consistent. The self-kernels and cross-kernels have different symmetries, and the kernels are therefore determined and analyzed in different regions in the 3-D frequency space. By analyzing the properties along certain paths in the 3-D frequency space, the block structures for the respective kernels are determined. These block structures contain the significant blocks of the general block structures for the third-order kernels. The device under test is an MIMO transmitter for radio frequency signals.