Heating-Charging Synergistic Control Method for Low-Temperature Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning

• Published in: IEEE transactions on transportation electrification p. 1
• Main Authors: Sun, Lefu, Wang, Yue, Li, Tongxing, Zhang, Qi, Shang, Yunlong
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: IEEE 2025
• Subjects: Batteries; Deep reinforcement learning; Electrification; Fast charging; Heating systems; Heating-charging synergistic control; LIBs; Lithium; Low-temperature environments; Precipitation; Resistance heating; Safety; Transportation
• ISSN: 2332-7782; 2332-7782
• DOI: 10.1109/TTE.2025.3592015

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are subject to very slow charging speed and capacity degradation in low-temperature environments, and are prone to lithium precipitation. Herein, a heating-charging synergistic control (HCSC) method for low-temperature LIBs based on deep reinforcement learning is proposed, which can achieve constant temperature heating of LIBs in low-temperature environments as well as safe and fast charging without lithium precipitation. This method uses a deep deterministic policy gradient algorithm and combines with the electrical-thermal coupled model of LIBs to optimize alternating current for heating and direct current for charging, according to the real-time state of batteries and environmental conditions using the lithium precipitation boundary and the cut-off voltage of the batteries as constraints to obtain the optimal current superposition sequence. The proposed HCSC method is used after the battery is preheated, heating and charging processes are carried out simultaneously and mutually promoted. The experimental results show that compared with the traditional constant-current and constant-voltage charging method after preheating, the proposed HCSC method not only maintains the battery temperature at a constant level but also increases the charging speed by 79.2% and the charging capacity by 16%, which greatly improves the charging performance of the battery in a low-temperature environment.