High CO 2 - and pathogen-driven expression of the carbonic anhydrase βCA3 confers basal immunity in tomato

• Published in: The New phytologist Vol. 229; no. 5; pp. 2827 - 2843
• Main Authors: Hu, Zhangjian, Ma, Qiaomei, Foyer, Christine H, Lei, Cui, Choi, Hyong Woo, Zheng, Chenfei, Li, Jianxin, Zuo, Jinhua, Mao, Zhuo, Mei, Yuyang, Yu, Jingquan, Klessig, Daniel F, Shi, Kai
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England 01.03.2021
• Subjects: Carbon Dioxide - metabolism; Carbonic Anhydrases - genetics; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Lycopersicon esculentum - genetics; Lycopersicon esculentum - metabolism; Plant Diseases; Plant Immunity; Pseudomonas syringae - metabolism; Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000; tomato (Solanum lycopersicum); carbon dioxide; GRACE1; NAC43; plant basal immunity; salicylic acid; βCA3
• ISSN: 0028-646X; 1469-8137
• DOI: 10.1111/nph.17087

Atmospheric CO concentrations exert a strong influence on the susceptibility of plants to pathogens. However, the mechanisms involved in the CO -dependent regulation of pathogen resistance are largely unknown. Here we show that the expression of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) β-CARBONIC ANHYDRASE 3 (βCA3) is induced by the virulent pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. The role of βCA3 in the high CO -mediated response in tomato and two other Solanaceae crops is distinct from that in Arabidopsis thaliana. Using βCA3 knock-out and over-expression plants, we demonstrate that βCA3 plays a positive role in the activation of basal immunity, particularly under high CO . βCA3 is transcriptionally activated by the transcription factor NAC43 and is also post-translationally regulated by the receptor-like kinase GRACE1. The βCA3 pathway of basal immunity is independent on stomatal- and salicylic-acid-dependent regulation. Global transcriptome analysis and cell wall metabolite measurement implicate cell wall metabolism/integrity in βCA3-mediated basal immunity under both CO conditions. These data not only highlight the importance of βCA3 in plant basal immunity under high CO in a well-studied susceptible crop-pathogen system, but they also point to new targets for disease management strategies in a changing climate.