Fats and oils contaminants: an analysis of EU RASFF notifications from 1999 to 2023

• Published in: Journal of food composition and analysis Vol. 137; p. 106875
• Main Authors: Eissa, Fawzy, Zidan, Nour El-Hoda A., Sebaei, Ahmed Salem
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Inc 01.01.2025
• Subjects: Benzo(a)pyrene; Chlorpyrifos; Olive oil; Palm oil; Sudan 4; Sunflower oil; Chlorpyrifos; Sudan 4; Palm oil; Benzo(a)pyrene; Sunflower oil; Olive oil
• ISSN: 0889-1575
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2024.106875

Between 1999 and 2023, an extensive analysis of 713 notifications from the EU Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) related to fats and oils was conducted. The analysis covered the most frequently reported products, associated hazards, countries of origin, notification classifications, risk decisions, and actions taken in response. The data demonstrate considerable variability in RASFF notifications throughout the studied period, with significant spikes and a recent upward trend. Of all notifications, 44.32 % were categorized as alerts, and 23.42 % as border rejections. In terms of risk decisions, 34.08 % were deemed serious and 60.59 % remained undecided. Palm oil emerged as the most frequently notified product, representing 37.87 % of all notifications, followed by olive oil at 15.71 % and sunflower oil at 11.36 %. The Sudan 4 dye was identified as the most common hazard, constituting 30.01 % of all fats and oils notifications. Other notable hazards included benzo(a)pyrene (26.65 %), glycidyl esters (6.03 %), and chlorpyrifos (3.37 %). The top three countries of origin for RASFF notifications on fats and oils were Ghana (22.30 %), Ukraine (13.18 %), and Italy (9.96 %). These findings could benefit further research and influence decision-making, thereby enhancing food safety protocols in the global production, processing, and distribution of fats and oils. •Fats and oils notifications issued by RASFF over a period of 25 years were analyzed.•44.32 % of notifications were classified as alerts and 23.42 % as border rejections.•34.08 % of notifications were classified as serious, while 60.59 % were undecided.•Palm oil was the most notified product, followed by olive oil and sunflower oil.•62.7 % of notifications were due to Sudan 4 dye, benzo(a)pyrene, and glycidyl esters.