Efficacy of therapeutic options in patients with aluminum phosphide poisoning

Aluminum phosphide (AlP), the main component of rice tablets, is a highly toxic pesticide used widely for the safe storage of food grain and after oral consumption, produces phosphine gas adjacent to moisture or stomach acid. The mechanism of phosphine poisoning is through the obstruction of cytochr...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inDiscover Toxicology Vol. 1; no. 1
Main Authors Mohammadpour, Amir Hooshang, Samadi, Sara, Sadjadi, Seyed Alireza, Vafaeipour, Zeinab
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Singapore Springer Nature Singapore 30.10.2024
Subjects
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Ecotoxicology
Environmental Health
Pharmacology/Toxicology
Review
Rice tablet
Aluminum phosphide
Therapeutic options
AlP
Aluminum phosphide toxicity
AlP poisoning
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Summary:Aluminum phosphide (AlP), the main component of rice tablets, is a highly toxic pesticide used widely for the safe storage of food grain and after oral consumption, produces phosphine gas adjacent to moisture or stomach acid. The mechanism of phosphine poisoning is through the obstruction of cytochrome-c oxidase, which suppresses oxidative phosphorylation and cell death and finally a disruption happen in mitochondrial respiration. Considering the increasing number of AlP poisoned subjects with no specific therapeutic option identified for AlP poisoning, we aim to evaluate the efficacy of various therapeutic options administered to patients with acute AlP poisoning and their outcomes in clinical settings. Results showed that effective therapeutic options on blood pressure were glucose-insulin-potassium, amiodarone, liothyronine, and vitamin E. Moreover, therapeutic options with impact on cardiovascular conditions are included as amiodarone and NAC and also effective therapeutic options with antioxidant properties are liothyronine and vitamin E. Our findings represented that these diverse therapeutic options are effective in reducing the number of deaths, length of hospitalization, and the need for mechanical ventilation. Based on the clinical outcomes, the use of antioxidant therapy could have a potential therapeutic effect along with supportive treatment in acute AlP poisoning. Limited studies in this field merit further clinical examinations to elucidate exclusive therapeutic options for AlP poisoning.
ISSN:3004-8893
3004-8893
DOI:10.1007/s44339-024-00008-4