Evolution of the regulatory subunits for the heteromeric acetyl-CoA carboxylase

• Published in: Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological sciences Vol. 379; no. 1914; p. 20230353
• Main Authors: Conrado, Ana Caroline, Lemes Jorge, Gabriel, Rao, R S P, Xu, Chunhui, Xu, Dong, Li-Beisson, Yonghua, Thelen, Jay J
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Royal Society, The 18.11.2024
• Subjects: Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase - genetics; Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase - metabolism; Arabidopsis - enzymology; Arabidopsis - genetics; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii - enzymology; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii - genetics; Evolution, Molecular; Life Sciences; ACCase; fatty acid synthesis; acetyl-CoA carboxylase; metabolic regulation
• ISSN: 0962-8436; 1471-2970; 1471-2970
• DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0353

The committed step for de novo fatty acid (FA) synthesis is the ATP-dependent carboxylation of acetyl-coenzyme A catalysed by acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase). In most plants, ACCase is a multi-subunit complex orthologous to prokaryotes. However, unlike prokaryotes, the plant and algal orthologues are comprised both catalytic and additional dedicated regulatory subunits. Novel regulatory subunits, biotin lipoyl attachment domain-containing proteins (BADC) and carboxyltransferase interactors (CTI) (both three-gene families in ) represent new effectors specific to plants and certain algal species. The evolutionary history of these genes in autotrophic eukaryotes remains elusive, making it an ongoing area of research. Analyses of potential protein-protein and co-occurrence interactions, informed by gene network patterns using the STRING database, in and unveil intricate gene associations with ACCase, suggesting a complex interplay between FA synthesis and other cellular processes. Among both species, a higher number of co-expressed genes was identified in , indicating a wider potential regulatory network of ACCase in plants. This review investigates the extent to which these genes arose in autotrophic eukaryotes and provides insights into their evolutionary trajectory. This article is part of the theme issue 'The evolution of plant metabolism'.