Use of topical tranexamic acid in primary total hip arthroplasty. Efficiency and safety. Our experience

Intravenous tranexamic acid has been shown to reduce bleeding and the need for transfusions in total hip arthroplasty, although it has a theoretical risk of producing thromboembolic phenomena. Recently some papers have been published using the topical application of tranexamic acid, but the ideal ad...

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Published inRevista española de cirugía ortopédica y traumatología Vol. 64; no. 2; pp. 114 - 119
Main Authors Miranda, I., Collado-Sánchez, A., Peregrín-Nevado, I., Díaz-Martínez, J.V., Sánchez-Alepuz, E., Miranda, F.J.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Spain Elsevier España, S.L.U 01.03.2020
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Summary:Intravenous tranexamic acid has been shown to reduce bleeding and the need for transfusions in total hip arthroplasty, although it has a theoretical risk of producing thromboembolic phenomena. Recently some papers have been published using the topical application of tranexamic acid, but the ideal administration protocol has not yet been clearly defined. The aim of this paper was to demonstrate that our protocol of topical tranexamic acid is effective and safe. Prospective data collection from a case series of 80 primary hip arthroplasties, in which the following topical tranexamic acid protocol is used: 1.5 g diluted to a total volume of 60 ml were administered, applying 20 ml in the acetabular bed, 20 ml in the femoral canal and 20 ml through the Redon drain, keeping it closed for 20 min. Eighty patients were operated. Preoperative haemoglobin 14.26 g/dL; preoperative haematocrit 42.39%. An average loss of 2.74 g/dL of haemoglobin and 8% of haematocrit was obtained. Eleven percent of the patients required transfusion, of whom 67% had known previous anaemia; only 3 patients without prior anaemia required transfusion (4%). There were no thromboembolic complications in our series. The use of topical tranexamic acid was safe and effective in primary total hip arthroplasty, reducing the need for blood transfusion compared to that described in the literature in untreated patients. El ácido tranexámico intravenoso ha demostrado que disminuye el sangrado y la necesidad de transfusiones en la artroplastia total de cadera, aunque tiene un riesgo teórico de producir fenómenos tromboembólicos. Recientemente se han publicado algunos trabajos con la aplicación del ácido tranexámico tópico, sin haberse definido todavía cuál es el protocolo de administración ideal. El objetivo de este trabajo fue demostrar que nuestro protocolo de administración tópica de ácido tranexámico es eficaz y seguro. Recogida de datos de una serie prospectiva de 80 artroplastias primarias de cadera, en las que se utilizó un protocolo de ácido tranexámico tópico: se prepararon 1,5 gramos diluidos en un volumen total de 60 ml, administrando 20 ml tras fresar el cotilo, 20 ml en el canal femoral y 20 ml a través del redón, manteniéndolo cerrado durante 20 minutos. Se intervinieron 80 pacientes. Hemoglobina preoperatoria 14,26 g/dL; hematocrito preoperatorio 42,39%. Se observó una pérdida media de 2,74 g/dL de hemoglobina y del 8% de hematocrito. Precisaron transfusión el 11% de los pacientes, de los cuales el 67% tenían una anemia previa conocida; solo 3 pacientes sin anemia previa precisaron transfusión (4%). No hubo ninguna complicación tromboembólica en nuestra serie. La utilización de ácido tranexámico tópico fue eficaz y segura en la artroplastia total primaria de cadera, reduciendo la necesidad de transfusión sanguínea respecto a lo descrito en la literatura en pacientes no tratados.
ISSN:1988-8856
1988-8856
DOI:10.1016/j.recote.2019.09.007