Fetal Membranes and Associated Complications in Dairy Animals: A Review

Fetal membrane is temporary organ that feeds the fetus intrauterine. It also permits transfer of oxygen and nutrients from mother to fetus and release of carbon dioxide and waste products from fetus. Placenta is partly maternal and partly embryonic in origin. Actual mixing of maternal and fetal bloo...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inTheriogenology insight Vol. 8; no. 3; pp. 125 - 136
Main Author Rao, Thakur Krishna Shankar
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published New Delhi New Delhi Publishers 25.12.2018
Subjects
Animal sciences
Animals
Antibiotics
Carbon dioxide
Cattle
Collagen
Collagenase
Contraction
Embryos
Farms
Fetuses
Infertility
Membranes
Minerals
Molecular weight
Nutrients
Nutrition
Placenta
Pregnancy
Pregnancy complications
Proteins
R&D
Research & development
Retention
Selenium
Uterus
Vitamin A
Vitamins
Zoology
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Summary:Fetal membrane is temporary organ that feeds the fetus intrauterine. It also permits transfer of oxygen and nutrients from mother to fetus and release of carbon dioxide and waste products from fetus. Placenta is partly maternal and partly embryonic in origin. Actual mixing of maternal and fetal blood is not possible due to placental membrane. After conception uterine contraction and tonicity decreases to retain blastocyst in situ position in uterus. Protein factors like blastokinin, trophoblastin has role in maternal recognition of pregnancy (MRP). Placenta of dairy animals is polycotyledonary and non-deciduate type. Prevention of RFM includes reducing stress, improving comfort and balance ration during transition period. Proper exercise, Vitamins (Vitamin A, E and Selenium), minerals along with infection control are common factors which control post-parturient problems including retention of placenta. Use of ecbolic, collagenase, antibiotics, herbal preparation and hormones are common practice used by farmers and farms with very positive effect i.e., reducing infertility.
ISSN:2249-6610
2277-3371
DOI:10.30954/2277-3371.03.2018.6