Evolutionary divergence of locomotion in two related vertebrate species

Abstract Locomotion exists in diverse forms in nature and is adapted to the environmental constraints of each species1. However, little is known about how closely related species with similar neuronal circuitry can evolve different navigational strategies to explore their environments. We establishe...

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Published inbioRxiv
Main Authors Rajan, Gokul, Lafaye, Julie, Carbo-Tano, Martin, Duroure, Karine, Faini, Giulia, Tanese, Dimitrii, Panier, Thomas, Candelier, Raphaël, Henninger, Jörg, Britz, Ralf, Judkewitz, Benjamin, Gebhardt, Christoph, Emiliani, Valentina, Debregeas, Georges, Wyart, Claire, Filippo Del Bene
Format Paper
LanguageEnglish
Published Cold Spring Harbor Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press 12.02.2021
Subjects
Danio rerio
Dissolved oxygen
Divergence
Evolution
Locomotion
Navigation behavior
Neuroethology
Species
Swim bladder
Swimming
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Summary:Abstract Locomotion exists in diverse forms in nature and is adapted to the environmental constraints of each species1. However, little is known about how closely related species with similar neuronal circuitry can evolve different navigational strategies to explore their environments. We established a powerful approach in comparative neuroethology to investigate evolution of neuronal circuits in vertebrates by comparing divergent swimming pattern of two closely related larval fish species, Danionella translucida (DT) and Danio rerio or zebrafish (ZF)2,3. During swimming, we demonstrate that DT utilizes lower half tail-beat frequency and amplitude to generate a slower and continuous swimming pattern when compared to the burst-and-glide swimming pattern in ZF. We found a high degree of conservation in the brain anatomy between the two species. However, we revealed that the activity of a higher motor region, referred here as the Mesencephalic Locomotion Maintenance Neurons (MLMN) correlates with the duration of swim events and differs strikingly between DT and ZF. Using holographic stimulation, we show that the activation of the MLMN is sufficient to increase the frequency and duration of swim events in ZF. Moreover, we propose two characteristics, availability of dissolved oxygen and timing of swim bladder inflation, which drive the observed differences in the swim pattern. Our findings uncover the neuronal circuit substrate underlying the evolutionary divergence of navigational strategies and how they are adapted to their respective environmental constraints. Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest.
DOI:10.1101/2021.02.11.430752