Gastric neuroendocrine tumors

• Published in: Hirurgija (Moskva) no. 12; p. 111
• Main Authors: Alekberzade, A V, Krylov, N N, Lipnitskiy, E M, Shakhbazov, R O, Azari, F
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: Russian
• Published: Russia (Federation) 2019
• Subjects: Gastritis, Atrophic - complications; Gastritis, Atrophic - surgery; Humans; Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 - complications; Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 - surgery; Neuroendocrine Tumors - classification; Neuroendocrine Tumors - complications; Neuroendocrine Tumors - surgery; Prognosis; Stomach Neoplasms - classification; Stomach Neoplasms - complications; Stomach Neoplasms - surgery; Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome - complications; Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome - surgery; pathogenesis; treatment; diagnosis; classification; prognosis; gastric neuroendocrine tumors
• ISSN: 0023-1207
• DOI: 10.17116/hirurgia2019121111

Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors are rare neoplasms. Currently, incidence of gastric neuroendocrine tumors (gNETs) is being significantly increased. There are 3 groups of gNETs: types I, II and III. Each type has important features regarding clinical picture, prognosis and treatment strategy. Type I is the most common (70-80%) and associated with chronic atrophic gastritis including autoimmune gastritis and Helicobacter associated atrophic gastritis. Type II (5-6%) is associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type I and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (MEN I - ZES). Both types are characterized by hypergastrinemia and small tumor dimension. These neoplasms are multiple and mostly benign. On the contrary, NETs type III (10-15%) is not associated with hypergastrinemia and represented by single large neoplasms. Tumors are malignant as a rule. Therefore, surgical resection and chemotherapy are preferred for these tumors. Endoscopic surgery followed by observation is acceptable for almost all NETS type I and II. At the same time, this approach is advisable only for small and highly differentiated neoplasms type III.