Shortwave Infrared Fluorofluorophores for Multicolor In Vivo Imaging

Developing chemical tools to detect and influence biological processes is a cornerstone of chemical biology. Here we combine two tools which rely on orthogonality– perfluorocarbons and multiplexed shortwave infrared (SWIR) fluorescence imaging– to visualize nanoemulsions in real time in living mice....

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Bibliographic Details
Published inAngewandte Chemie Vol. 135; no. 6
Main Authors Lim, Irene, Yu Lin, Eric, Garcia, Joseph, Jia, Shang, Sommerhalter, Robert E., Ghosh, Subrata K., Gladysz, John A., Sletten, Ellen M.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Weinheim Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.02.2023
Subjects
Biodistribution
Biological activity
Chemical compounds
Chemistry
Dyes
Emulsions
Excitation-based Multiplexed Imaging
Fluorescence
Fluorescence Imaging
Fluorophores
Infrared imaging
Multiplexing
Nanoemulsions
Orthogonality
Perfluorocarbon Emulsion
Perfluorocarbons
Short wave radiation
Shortwave Infrared
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Summary:Developing chemical tools to detect and influence biological processes is a cornerstone of chemical biology. Here we combine two tools which rely on orthogonality– perfluorocarbons and multiplexed shortwave infrared (SWIR) fluorescence imaging– to visualize nanoemulsions in real time in living mice. Drawing inspiration from fluorous and SWIR fluorophore development, we prepared two SWIR‐emissive, fluorous‐soluble chromenylium polymethine dyes. These are the most red‐shifted fluorous fluorophores– “fluorofluorophores”—to date. After characterizing the dyes, their utility was demonstrated by tracking perfluorocarbon nanoemulsion biodistribution in vivo. Using an excitation‐multiplexed approach to image two variables simultaneously, we gained insight into the importance of size and surfactant identity on biodistribution. Fluorofluorophores (fluoro refers to fluorine and fluorescence) are chemical tools to study perfluorocarbons. To understand the biodistribution of perfluorocarbons in animals, fluorofluorophores that emit past 1000 nm are necessary. Here we describe the synthesis, characterization, and application of shortwave infrared (SWIR)‐emissive fluorofluorophores towards understanding how to control the pharmacokinetics of perfluorocarbon nanoemulsions in mammals.
Bibliography:.
A previous version of this manuscript has been deposited on a preprint server
https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv‐2022‐vm3jb
ISSN:0044-8249
1521-3757
DOI:10.1002/ange.202215200