RETRACTED ARTICLE: Enhancing the LoRaWAN Publish/Subscribe IoT Data Sharing Model Using Middleman for Smart Grid Application

• Published in: Wireless personal communications Vol. 137; no. 3; pp. 1491 - 1509
• Main Authors: Khapre, Sapna S., Ganeshan, R.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 01.08.2024; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Communications Engineering; Computer Communication Networks; Engineering; Internet of Things; Middleware; Networks; Protocol; Signal,Image and Speech Processing; Smart grid; Wide area networks; MQTT; Internet of things; And NS-3; Industrial automation; LoRaWAN; Publish/Subscribe; Cloud environment; MAC layer
• ISSN: 0929-6212; 1572-834X
• DOI: 10.1007/s11277-024-11376-w

The power grid, manufacturing, and industrial automation are just a few Internet of Things (IoT) settings where publish/subscribe (p/s) systems are increasingly prevalent. These systems may handle a wide range of middleware and communication protocols, ensuring compatibility. The most well-liked publish/subscribe protocol is the Message Queue Telemetry Transport Protocol (MQTT), which uses an agent to transfer information between publishers and subscribers on certain subjects. MQTT can be quickly and simply deployed for IoT settings using a popular wireless MAC layer protocol like Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN), however, this has not been properly validated. MQTT can be readily set up in cloud environments to do research experiments. To provide an MQTT-based publication design that can handle the LoRaWAN proactive steps, the authors design and provide a simulation framework in NS-3 in this study. To do this, the authors make use of the LoRaWAN library from NS-3 and include connecting it with a middleman that links to numerous publications as well as clients. The authors support many topics at the broker while enabling unicast capabilities from the broker to LoRaWAN end devices. In other words, the proposed work activates the unicast capability from the middleman to LoRaWAN peripheral devices while handling multiple topics at the mediator. To illustrate the viability of our IoT architecture and evaluate its performance at scale, the authors performed several scenarios under it.