The Polar Vegetation Photosynthesis and Respiration Model: a parsimonious, satellite-data-driven model of high-latitude CO 2 exchange

• Published in: Geoscientific Model Development Vol. 8; no. 8; pp. 2655 - 2674
• Main Authors: Luus, K. A., Lin, J. C.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Katlenburg-Lindau Copernicus GmbH 27.08.2015
• Subjects: Air temperature; Carbon; Carbon dioxide; Carbon dioxide exchange; Carbon sinks; Carbon sources; Carbon uptake; Computer simulation; Covariance; Drought; Eddy covariance; Environmental changes; Environmental conditions; Error analysis; Forests; Growing season; Latitude; Photosynthesis; Polar environments; Remote sensing; Respiration; Satellites; Soil; Soil temperature; Statistical analysis; Terrestrial environments; Trend analysis; Tundra; Uptake; Vegetation; Vortices
• ISSN: 1991-9603; 1991-962X; 1991-9603; 1991-962X
• DOI: 10.5194/gmd-8-2655-2015

We introduce the Polar Vegetation Photosynthesis and Respiration Model (PolarVPRM), a remote-sensing-based approach for generating accurate, high-resolution (≥ 1 km2, 3 hourly) estimates of net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE). PolarVPRM simulates NEE using polar-specific vegetation classes, and by representing high-latitude influences on NEE, such as the influence of soil temperature on subnivean respiration. We present a description, validation and error analysis (first-order Taylor expansion) of PolarVPRM, followed by an examination of per-pixel trends (2001–2012) in model output for the North American terrestrial region north of 55° N. PolarVPRM was validated against eddy covariance (EC) observations from nine North American sites, of which three were used in model calibration. Comparisons of EC NEE to NEE from three models indicated that PolarVPRM displayed similar or better statistical agreement with eddy covariance observations than existing models showed. Trend analysis (2001–2012) indicated that warming air temperatures and drought stress in forests increased growing season rates of respiration, and decreased rates of net carbon uptake by vegetation when air temperatures exceeded optimal temperatures for photosynthesis. Concurrent increases in growing season length at Arctic tundra sites allowed for increases in photosynthetic uptake over time by tundra vegetation. PolarVPRM estimated that the North American high-latitude region changed from a carbon source (2001–2004) to a carbon sink (2005–2010) to again a source (2011–2012) in response to changing environmental conditions.