Comparison of longitudinal rates of atrophy and tau accumulation between posterior cortical atrophy and logopenic progressive aphasia

• Published in: Alzheimer's & dementia Vol. 19; no. S10
• Main Authors: Sintini, Irene, Radford, Jonathan Graff, Machulda, Mary M., Singh, Neha Atulkumar, Carlos, Arenn Faye, Schwarz, Christopher G., Senjem, Matthew L., Jack, Clifford R., Lowe, Val J., Josephs, Keith A, Whitwell, Jennifer L
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: 01.12.2023
• ISSN: 1552-5260; 1552-5279
• DOI: 10.1002/alz.081612

Background Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) and logopenic progressive aphasia (LPA) are atypical variants of Alzheimer’s disease which typically show different cross‐sectional patterns of atrophy and tau deposition. Patterns of atrophy remain distinct longitudinally. A direct comparison of rates of atrophy and tau accumulation between these syndromes has not yet been reported. Method We evaluated 20 PCA and 20 LPA patients; all were amyloid‐positive on [11C]PiB‐PET. Structural MRI and tau‐PET were performed at baseline and one‐year follow‐up. Annualized rates of change in grey matter volume (log Jacobians from tensor‐based morphometry) and flortaucipir‐PET SUVRs were calculated at the lobar level. A global tau SUVR was calculated using parietal, temporal, and occipital regions. Lobar rates were compared between PCA and LPA with linear models, accounting for education, sex, age, baseline global tau SUVR (for tau‐PET), with significance set at p = 0.05. SPM voxel‐level comparisons were performed, with the same covariates, with significance set at p = 0.001. Result Groups did not differ in age, Apoe status, baseline global tau SUVR or whole brain volume, or their annualized rates of change. LPA had shorter disease duration. In the lobar models, PCA had faster rates of atrophy in the occipital lobe and there were no significant differences on rates of tau accumulation, but a trend for LPA having faster rates of tau accumulation in all lobes. Baseline global tau SUVR was negatively associated with rate of tau accumulation in parietal and temporal lobes. Age was negatively associated with rates of tau accumulation in frontal, temporal and occipital lobes and with rates of atrophy in frontal and parietal lobes. Voxel‐level analysis confirmed these results, with PCA showing faster rates of occipital atrophy, and LPA showing subtle evidence for diffuse faster rates of tau accumulation (Figure 1). Conclusion Longitudinal patterns of neuroimaging abnormalities differ between PCA and LPA, although with divergent results for tau accumulation and atrophy that may reflect differences in disease stage. Rates of change are strongly influenced by age and severity of baseline tau, with faster rates of tau accumulation in patients with younger age and lower baseline tau deposition.