Genome-wide identification of genes involved in tolerance to various environmental stresses inSaccharomyces cerevisiae

• Published in: Journal of applied genetics Vol. 50; no. 3; pp. 301 - 310
• Main Authors: Auesukaree, C., Damnernsawad, A., Kruatrachue, M., Pokethitiyook, P., Boonchird, C., Kaneko, Y., Harashima, S.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer-Verlag 01.09.2009
• Subjects: Animal Genetics and Genomics; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Human Genetics; Life Sciences; Microbial Genetics and Genomics; Original Article; Plant Genetics and Genomics; heat stress; alcohol tolerance; genome-wide screening; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; osmolarity; oxidative stress
• ISSN: 1234-1983; 2190-3883
• DOI: 10.1007/BF03195688

During fermentation, yeast cells are exposed to a number of stresses — such as high alcohol concentration, high osmotic pressure, and temperature fluctuation — so some overlap of mechanisms involved in the response to these stresses has been suggested. To identify the genes required for tolerance to alcohol (ethanol, methanol, and 1-propanol), heat, osmotic stress, and oxidative stress, we performed genome-wide screening by using 4828 yeast deletion mutants. Our screens identified 95, 54, 125, 178, 42, and 30 deletion mutants sensitive to ethanol, methanol, 1-propanol, heat, NaCl, and H 2 O 2 , respectively. These deleted genes were then classified based on their cellular functions, and cross-sensitivities between stresses were determined. A large number of genes involved in vacuolar H + -ATPase (V-ATPase) function, cytoskeleton biogenesis, and cell wall integrity, were required for tolerance to alcohol, suggesting their protective role against alcohol stress. Our results revealed a partial overlap between genes required for alcohol tolerance and those required for thermotolerance. Genes involved in cell wall integrity and the actin cytoskeleton are required for both alcohol tolerance and thermotolerance, whereas the RNA polymerase II mediator complex seems to be specific to heat tolerance. However, no significant overlap of genes required for osmotic stress and oxidative stress with those required for other stresses was observed. Interestingly, although mitochondrial function is likely involved in tolerance to several stresses, it was found to be less important for thermotolerance. The genes identified in this study should be helpful for future research into the molecular mechanisms of stress response.