Anti-inflammatory effect of gallic acid-conjugated chitooligosaccharides in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages

• Published in: Vietnam Journal of Science, Technology and Engineering Vol. 66; no. 1; pp. 96 - 103
• Main Authors: Bui, Van-Hoai, Vo, Hong-Tham N., Duong, Thanh-Tuan, Kim, Se-Kwon, Ngo, Dai-Nghiep
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Vietnam Ministry of Science and Technology 15.03.2024
• Subjects: anti-inflammatory activity; chitooligosaccharide; chitooligosaccharide conjugated gallic acid; nitric oxide; RAW 264.7 macrophage cells
• ISSN: 2525-2461; 2615-9937
• DOI: 10.31276/VJSTE.66(1).96-103

The aim of the present study is to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of gallic acid grafted onto COS chains (GA-COS), focusing on the reduction of nitric oxide production, downregulation of inflammatory signals such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), gene expression of cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signalling, including the p50 and p65 subunits. The anti-inflammatory effect is mediated through the reduction of nitric oxide production and downregulation of inflammatory proteins such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), gene expression of cytokines like TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signalling, including the p50 and p65 subunits. Target proteins were identified by western blot analysis with specific monoclonal antibodies. The levels of gene expression were determined by the RT-PCR method. The results demonstrate that GA-COS effectively reduces nitric oxide generation and downregulates iNOS protein and cytokine expression and NF-κB signalling in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -induced RAW 264.7 cells. GA-COS exhibits significantly enhanced anti-inflammatory activity compared to the free chitooligosaccharide chain. This study lays the groundwork for future research to demonstrate that GA-COS holds significant potential as a novel compound for the prevention of inflammatory diseases.