S1P 1 Modulator-Induced G α i Signaling and β -Arrestin Recruitment Are Both Necessary to Induce Rapid and Efficient Reduction of Blood Lymphocyte Count In Vivo
S1P (sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1) agonists prevent lymphocyte egress from secondary lymphoid organs and cause a reduction in the number of circulating blood lymphocytes. We hypothesized that S1P receptor modulators with pathway-selective signaling properties could help to further elucidate th...
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Published in | Molecular pharmacology Vol. 93; no. 2; pp. 109 - 118 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
United States
01.02.2018
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Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | S1P
(sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1) agonists prevent lymphocyte egress from secondary lymphoid organs and cause a reduction in the number of circulating blood lymphocytes. We hypothesized that S1P
receptor modulators with pathway-selective signaling properties could help to further elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in lymphocyte trapping. A proprietary S1P
receptor modulator library was screened for compounds with clear potency differences in
-arrestin recruitment and G protein alpha i subunit (G
) protein-mediated signaling. We describe here the structure-activity relationships of highly potent S1P
modulators with apparent pathway selectivity for
-arrestin recruitment. The most differentiated compound, D3-2, displayed a 180-fold higher potency in the
-arrestin recruitment assay (EC
0.9 nM) compared with the G
-activation assay (167 nM), whereas ponesimod, a S1P
modulator that is currently in advanced clinical development in multiple sclerosis, was equipotent in both assays (EC
1.5 and 1.1 nM, respectively). Using these novel compounds as pharmacological tools, we showed that although a high potency in
-arrestin recruitment is required to fully internalize S1P
receptors, the potency in inducing G
signaling determines the rate of receptor internalization in vitro. In contrast to ponesimod, the compound D3-2 did not reduce the number or circulating lymphocytes in rats despite high plasma exposures. Thus, for rapid and maximal S1P
receptor internalization a high potency in both G
signaling and
-arrestin recruitment is mandatory and this translates into efficient reduction of the number of circulating lymphocytes in vivo. |
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ISSN: | 0026-895X 1521-0111 |
DOI: | 10.1124/mol.117.109140 |