Uji Toksisitas Akut Fraksi Etil Asetat Batang Dan Daun Pacar Air (Impatiens balsamina Linn) terhadap Tikus Putih Betina Galur Sprague Dawley

• Published in: Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry (Online) Vol. 2; no. 4
• Main Authors: Nia Anzini, Indri Kusharyanti, Siti Nani Nurbaeti
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Mulawarman University 30.06.2014
• Subjects: acute toxicity; ethyl acetate fraction; Impatiens balsamina Linn; OECD 425
• ISSN: 2087-7099; 2407-6090
• DOI: 10.25026/jtpc.v2i4.69

Impatiens balsamina Linn has been proven through various studies to have pharmacological benefits. Yet there was no research data regarding the toxicity of these plants. The purpose of this study was to determine the acute toxicity of symptoms that occur after oral administration of ethyl acetate fraction from stems and leaves of Impatiens balsamina Linn, determine the LD50 values ​​and toxicity category compounds in the fraction. This study employed OECD (Organization for Economic, Cooperation and Development) 425 method. Parameters observed qualitatively through the observations of the food and drink intakes and change of body everyday weight during a period of 14 days and microscopic examination of liver and kidney. The results of the study showed no symptoms of toxicity arising from qualitative observations. LD50 value of ethyl acetate fraction of stems and leaves of Impatiens balsamina Linn was more than 2000 mg/kg body weight, which belongs to moderately toxic. Also, a paired t-test concluded that there was no significant differences occuring among the amount of food and drink intakes and body weight changes before and after treatment. Likewise, based on statistical test using One Way ANOVA showed no significant difference in food intakes and body weight changes in the treatment group and control animals (p>0,05), and no significant difference of daily drinking intakes between control group and treatment group with distilled water (p>0,05). While, there was a significant difference between the control rats and the CMC treatment (p <0,05). Based on the results of the scoring damage to liver and kidney showed the ethyl acetate fraction of stem and leaves of Impatiens balsamina Linn histologically caused liver damage, but not for the kidney of the test animals. Keywords: acute toxicity, ethyl acetate fraction, Impatiens balsamina Linn, OECD 425   ABSTRAK Tanaman pacar air (Impatiens balsamina Linn) telah dibuktikan melalui berbagai penelitian memiliki efek farmakologis yang beragam. Namun belum ada data penelitian mengenai ketoksikan tanaman tersebut. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui gejala ketoksikan akut yang terjadi pasca pemberian oral fraksi etil asetat batang dan daun pacar air, menentukan nilai LD50 serta mengetahui kategori ketoksikan senyawa. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini mengacu pada pedoman OECD (Organization for Economic, Cooperation and Development) 425. Parameter yang diamati adalah parameter kualitatif gejala ketoksikan, jumlah konsumsi makan, minum dan perubahan bobot badan harian selama 14 hari pengamatan, serta mikroskopik organ hati dan ginjal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat  gejala ketoksikan yang muncul dari pengamatan kualitatif. Nilai LD50 fraksi etil asetat batang dan daun pacar air yaitu >2000 mg/kg BB yang termasuk kategori toksik sedang. Berdasarkan uji beda disimpulkan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan terhadap jumlah konsumsi makan, minum dan perubahan bobot badan sebelum dan setelah perlakuan. Berdasarkan uji statistik menggunakan One Way ANOVA menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan terhadap konsumsi makan dan perubahan bobot badan hewan kelompok perlakuan dan kontrol (p>0,05), tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan pada konsumsi minum harian antara kelompok perlakuan dengan kontrol aquadest  (p>0,05) dan terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara tikus kontrol CMC dan perlakuan (p<0,05). Berdasarkan hasil scoring kerusakan hati dan ginjal menunjukkan fraksi etil asetat batang dan daun pacar air secara histologi merusak organ hati, namun tidak menyebabkan kerusakan ginjal hewan uji Kata kunci:    toksisitas akut, fraksi etil asetat, Impatiens balsamina Linn, OECD 425