Cervical Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions: A Comparison of Diagnostic Approaches

• Published in: Fundamental and Clinical Medicine Vol. 9; no. 1; pp. 33 - 41
• Main Authors: Marochko, K. V., Artymuk, N. V., Breus, A. V.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: 29.03.2024
• ISSN: 2500-0764; 2542-0941
• DOI: 10.23946/2500-0764-2024-9-1-33-41

Aim. To compare the effectiveness of Papanicolaou test, screening for oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) strains, and colposcopy in diagnosis of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions and cervical cancer. Materials and Methods. We conducted a retrospective study which included 101 patients aged 21-65 years (mean age 36.9 ± 8.2 years). All patients underwent cytological examination, screening for 14 high-risk HPV types, and colposcopy. The prognostic value of the methods was calculated using standard formulas for determining the sensitivity, specificity, and prognostic value of positive and negative results. Cervical biopsy was accepted as the gold standard. Results. Among the examined women (n = 101), high-risk HPV types were detected in 78 women (77.2%). According to the results of cytological examination, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) I, CIN II, CIN III, and cancer were detected in 24 (23.8%), 24 (23.8%), 22 (21.7%), and 2 (2%) cases, respectively. Abnormal colposcopy results of the 1st and 2nd degree were found in 33 (32.7%) and 51 (50.5%) women, respectively. The highest sensitivity in the diagnosis of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion was demonstrated by colposcopy (81.3%), whilst HPV testing and cytological examination had lower sensitivity values (75.0% and 58.3%, respectively). However, HPV testing had the highest sensitivity (85.7%) in diagnosis of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and cervical cancer, whereas colposcopy and Papanicolaou test were behind (82.9% and 63.6%, respectively). Conclusion. Detection of high-risk HPV types has a high sensitivity in detecting both low- and highgrade squamous intraepithelial lesions and cervical cancer.