Microbial production of hyaluronic acid: current state, challenges, and perspectives

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a natural and linear polymer composed of repeating disaccharide units of β-1, 3- N -acetyl glucosamine and β-1, 4-glucuronic acid with a molecular weight up to 6 million Daltons. With excellent viscoelasticity, high moisture retention capacity, and high biocompatibility, HA f...

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Published inMicrobial cell factories Vol. 10; no. 1; p. 99
Main Authors Liu, Long, Liu, Yanfeng, Li, Jianghua, Du, Guocheng, Chen, Jian
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England BioMed Central Ltd 16.11.2011
BioMed Central
BMC
Subjects
Acids
Bacteria
Biocompatibility
Colleges & universities
Cosmetics
Disaccharides
Fermentation
Functional foods & nutraceuticals
Glucosamine
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Hyaluronic acid
Hyaluronic Acid - biosynthesis
Hyaluronic Acid - chemistry
Industrial Microbiology - history
Industrial Microbiology - trends
Metabolic engineering
Metabolites
Methods
Microbiological synthesis
Molecular weight
nutraceuticals
Polymers
Process controls
Production processes
Retention capacity
Review
Streptococcus
Streptococcus equi - genetics
Streptococcus equi - metabolism
Streptococcus zooepidemicus
Surgery
Toxins
viscoelasticity
Weight control
China
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Summary:Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a natural and linear polymer composed of repeating disaccharide units of β-1, 3- N -acetyl glucosamine and β-1, 4-glucuronic acid with a molecular weight up to 6 million Daltons. With excellent viscoelasticity, high moisture retention capacity, and high biocompatibility, HA finds a wide-range of applications in medicine, cosmetics, and nutraceuticals. Traditionally HA was extracted from rooster combs, and now it is mainly produced via streptococcal fermentation. Recently the production of HA via recombinant systems has received increasing interest due to the avoidance of potential toxins. This work summarizes the research history and current commercial market of HA, and then deeply analyzes the current state of microbial production of HA by Streptococcus zooepidemicus and recombinant systems, and finally discusses the challenges facing microbial HA production and proposes several research outlines to meet the challenges.
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ISSN:1475-2859
1475-2859
DOI:10.1186/1475-2859-10-99