H. pylori exploits and manipulates innate and adaptive immune cell signaling pathways to establish persistent infection

Persistent infection with the gastric bacterial pathogen Helicobacter pylori causes gastritis and predisposes carriers to a high gastric cancer risk, but has also been linked to protection from allergic, chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. In the course of tens of thousands of years of co-...

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Published inCell communication and signaling Vol. 9; no. 1; p. 25
Main Authors Müller, Anne, Oertli, Mathias, Arnold, Isabelle C
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England BioMed Central Ltd 01.11.2011
BioMed Central
BMC
Subjects
Adaptations
Autoimmune diseases
Bacteria
Cell interactions
Cellular signal transduction
Gastric cancer
Gastritis
Health aspects
Helicobacter pylori
immune evasion
Immune response
Immune system
Immunity
Immunological tolerance
Immunology
Immunomodulation
Inflammatory diseases
innate immune signaling
Lymphocytes T
Medical research
Pathogens
Pattern recognition
Persistent infection
Proteins
Review
Risk factors
Signal transduction
United Kingdom
Switzerland
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Summary:Persistent infection with the gastric bacterial pathogen Helicobacter pylori causes gastritis and predisposes carriers to a high gastric cancer risk, but has also been linked to protection from allergic, chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. In the course of tens of thousands of years of co-existence with its human host, H. pylori has evolved elaborate adaptations that allow it to persist in the hostile environment of the stomach in the face of a vigorous innate and adaptive immune response. For this review, we have identified several key immune cell types and signaling pathways that appear to be preferentially targeted by the bacteria to establish and maintain persistent infection. We explore the mechanisms that allow the bacteria to avoid detection by innate immune cells via their pattern recognition receptors, to escape T-cell mediated adaptive immunity, and to reprogram the immune system towards tolerance rather than immunity. The implications of the immunomodulatory properties of the bacteria for the prevention of allergic and auto-immune diseases in chronically infected individuals are also discussed.
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ISSN:1478-811X
1478-811X
DOI:10.1186/1478-811X-9-25