IgCAMs redundantly control axon navigation in Caenorhabditis elegans

• Published in: Neural development Vol. 4; no. 1; p. 13
• Main Authors: Schwarz, Valentin, Pan, Jie, Voltmer-Irsch, Susanne, Hutter, Harald
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 02.04.2009; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: Animals; Body Patterning - genetics; Caenorhabditis elegans; Caenorhabditis elegans - cytology; Caenorhabditis elegans - embryology; Caenorhabditis elegans - metabolism; Cell adhesion molecules; Cues; Developmental neurology; Epistasis, Genetic - genetics; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental - genetics; Green Fluorescent Proteins - genetics; Green Fluorescent Proteins - metabolism; Growth Cones - metabolism; Growth Cones - ultrastructure; Immunoglobulin G - genetics; Immunoglobulin G - metabolism; Motor Neurons - cytology; Motor Neurons - metabolism; Mutation - genetics; Nervous System - cytology; Nervous System - embryology; Nervous System - metabolism; Nervous System Malformations - genetics; Nervous System Malformations - metabolism; Nervous System Malformations - physiopathology; Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules - genetics; Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules - metabolism; Neurogenesis - genetics; Physiological aspects; Recombinant Fusion Proteins - genetics; Recombinant Fusion Proteins - metabolism; Sensory Receptor Cells - cytology; Sensory Receptor Cells - metabolism; Canada; Germany
• ISSN: 1749-8104; 1749-8104
• DOI: 10.1186/1749-8104-4-13

Cell adhesion molecules of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgCAMs) form one of the largest and most diverse families of adhesion molecules and receptors in the nervous system. Many members of this family mediate contact and communication among neurons during development. The Caenorhabditis elegans genome contains a comparatively small number of IgCAMs, most of which are evolutionarily conserved and found across all animal phyla. Only some of these have been functionally characterized so far. We systematically analyzed previously uncharacterized IgCAMs in C. elegans. Green fluorescent protein reporter constructs of 12 IgCAMs revealed that expression generally is not confined to a single tissue and that all tissues express at least one of the IgCAMs. Most IgCAMs were expressed in neurons. Within the nervous system significant overlap in expression was found in central components of the motor circuit, in particular the command interneurons, ventral cord motoneurons as well as motoneurons innervating head muscles. Sensory neurons are underrepresented among the cells expressing these IgCAMs. We isolated mutations for eight of the genes showing neuronal expression. Phenotypic analysis of single mutants revealed limited neuronal defects, in particular axon navigation defects in some of the mutants. Systematic genetic interaction studies uncovered two cases of functional overlap among three and four genes, respectively. A strain combining mutations in all eight genes is viable and shows no additional defects in the neurons that were analyzed, suggesting that genetic interactions among those genes are limited. Genetic interactions involving multiple IgCAMs affecting axon outgrowth demonstrate functional overlap among IgCAMs during nervous system development.