In vitro and in vivo killing of ocular Demodex by tea tree oil

• Published in: British journal of ophthalmology Vol. 89; no. 11; pp. 1468 - 1473
• Main Authors: Gao, Y-Y, Di Pascuale, M A, Li, W, Baradaran-Rafii, A, Elizondo, A, Kuo, C-L, Raju, V K, Tseng, S C G
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: BMA House, Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9JR BMJ Publishing Group Ltd 01.11.2005; BMJ; BMJ Publishing Group LTD; Copyright 2005 British Journal of Ophthalmology
• Subjects: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents, Local - pharmacology; Anti-Infective Agents, Local - therapeutic use; Biological and medical sciences; Clinical Science - Extended Reports; Cotton; cylindrical dandruff; Demodex; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; essential oil; Eye Infections, Parasitic - drug therapy; Eye Infections, Parasitic - parasitology; Eye Infections, Parasitic - pathology; Eyelashes - parasitology; Eyelashes - pathology; Eyelid Diseases - drug therapy; Eyelid Diseases - parasitology; Eyelid Diseases - pathology; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Medical sciences; Melaleuca; Mineral oils; Miscellaneous; Mite Infestations - drug therapy; Mite Infestations - parasitology; Mite Infestations - pathology; Mites - drug effects; Oils & fats; Ophthalmology; Patients; Phytotherapy; Skin; survival time; tea tree oil; Tea Tree Oil - pharmacology; Tea Tree Oil - therapeutic use; TTO; Eye; In vivo; Oil; Ophthalmology; Ocular; In vitro
• ISSN: 0007-1161; 1468-2079
• DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2005.072363

Aims: To compare the in vitro killing effect of different agents on Demodex and to report the in vivo killing effect of tea tree oil (TTO) on ocular Demodex. Methods: Survival time of Demodex was measured under the microscope. Sampling and counting of Demodex was performed by a modified method. Results: Demodex folliculorum survived for more than 150 minutes in 10% povidone-iodine, 75% alcohol, 50% baby shampoo, and 4% pilocarpine. However, the survival time was significantly shortened to within 15 minutes in 100% alcohol, 100% TTO, 100% caraway oil, or 100% dill weed oil. TTO’s in vitro killing effect was dose dependent. Lid scrub with 50% TTO, but not with 50% baby shampoo, can further stimulate Demodex to move out to the skin. The Demodex count did not reach zero in any of the seven patients receiving daily lid scrub with baby shampoo for 40–350 days. In contrast, the Demodex count dropped to zero in seven of nine patients receiving TTO scrub in 4 weeks without recurrence. Conclusions: Demodex is resistant to a wide range of antiseptic solutions. Weekly lid scrub with 50% TTO and daily lid scrub with tea tree shampoo is effective in eradicating ocular Demodex.