Neuroregeneration in Parkinson's Disease: From Proteins to Small Molecules

• Published in: Current neuropharmacology Vol. 17; no. 3; pp. 268 - 287
• Main Authors: SIDOROVA, Yulia A., VOLCHO, Konstantin P., SALAKHUTDINOV, Nariman F.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United Arab Emirates Bentham Science Publishers Ltd 01.01.2019; Bentham Science Publishers; Benham Science Publishers
• Subjects: Animal models; Animals; BDNF; BDNF mimetics; Databases, Bibliographic; Dopamine; dopamine neurons; Drug development; GDNF; GDNF mimetics; Humans; Molecular Weight; Movement disorders; Nerve Regeneration - drug effects; Neurodegeneration; Neurodegenerative diseases; Neurons; neuroprotection; Neurorestoration; Neurotrophic factors; Parkinson Disease - drug therapy; Parkinson Disease - metabolism; Parkinson's disease; Proteins - therapeutic use; RET agonists; Trk agonists; BDNF mimetics; RET agonists; dopamine neurons; Neurorestoration; Parkinson's disease; GDNF; BDNF; neuroprotection; neurotrophic factors; GDNF mimetics; Trk agonists
• ISSN: 1570-159X; 1875-6190; 1875-6190
• DOI: 10.2174/1570159X16666180905094123

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide, the lifetime risk of developing this disease is 1.5%. Motor diagnostic symptoms of PD are caused by degeneration of nigrostriatal dopamine neurons. There is no cure for PD and current therapy is limited to supportive care that partially alleviates disease signs and symptoms. As diagnostic symptoms of PD result from progressive degeneration of dopamine neurons, drugs restoring these neurons may significantly improve treatment of PD. Method: A literature search was performed using the PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases to discuss the progress achieved in the development of neuroregenerative agents for PD. Papers published before early 2018 were taken into account. Results: Here, we review several groups of potential agents capable of protecting and restoring dopamine neurons in cultures or animal models of PD including neurotrophic factors and small molecular weight compounds. Conclusion: Despite the promising results of in vitro and in vivo experiments, none of the found agents have yet shown conclusive neurorestorative properties in PD patients. Meanwhile, a few promising biologicals and small molecules have been identified. Their further clinical development can eventually give rise to disease-modifying drugs for PD. Thus, intensive research in the field is justified.