The clinical and imaging presentation of acute "non complicated" pyelonephritis: a new profile for an ancient disease

• Published in: BMC nephrology Vol. 12; no. 1; p. 68
• Main Authors: Piccoli, Giorgina Barbara, Consiglio, Valentina, Deagostini, Maria Chiara, Serra, Melania, Biolcati, Marilisa, Ragni, Francesca, Biglino, Alberto, De Pascale, Agostino, Frascisco, Mauro Felice, Veltri, Andrea, Porpiglia, Francesco
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 15.12.2011; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: Acute Disease; Acute pyelonephritis; Adolescent; Adult; Adults; Aged; Antibiotics; Care and treatment; Clinical medicine; computed tomography; CT imaging; Data collection; Diagnosis; Emergency medical care; epidemiology; Fever; Health aspects; Hospitalization; Hospitals; Humans; Infections; Kidney - diagnostic imaging; Kidney - pathology; kidney scars; Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods; Medicine; Nephrology; nuclear magnetic resonance; Pyelonephritis; Pyelonephritis - diagnosis; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Tomography, X-Ray Computed - methods; upper urinary tract infections; Urogenital system; Young Adult; Italy
• ISSN: 1471-2369; 1471-2369
• DOI: 10.1186/1471-2369-12-68

Acute pyelonephritis (APN) is differently defined according to imaging or clinical criteria. In adults information on the relationship between imaging and clinical data is lacking.Our study was aimed at analysing the relationship between the clinical and imaging presentation of APN, defined according to imaging criteria (parenchymal involvement at MR or CT scan). All consecutive patients hospitalized for "non-complicated" APN were considered (June 2005-December 2009). Clinical, biochemical and imaging data at hospitalization were analyzed by univariate and logistic regression analysis. There were 119 patients, all females, median age 32 years (15-72). At hospitalization, inflammatory markers were elevated (CRP median: 12.1 mg/dL, normal < 0.8). Incomplete presentations were frequent: fever was absent in 6.7%, pain in 17.8%, lower urinary tract symptoms in 52.9%. At CT or MR scan the lesions were bilateral in 12.6%, multiple in 79.8%; abscesses were present in 39.5%. Renal scars were found in 15.1%. Positive cultures were correlated with multiple foci (multivariate OR 4.2; CI 1.139-15.515). No other sign/symptom discriminated between small lesions, abscesses or multifocal involvement. APN is a protean disease. In the absence of strict correlation with clinical or biochemical markers, imaging studies are required to assess the severity of kidney involvement.